Cell structure 3: carcinogenesis

17 important questions on Cell structure 3: carcinogenesis

After DNA damage, __/__/__ can lead to malignancy

activation of growth-promoting oncogenes
inactivation of tumor suppressor genes (p53)
alterations in genes that control apoptosis

Skin cancer that goes deep into the chest and spread like tree roots

melanoma

Life span of cancer cell

immortal
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Cant but used to diagnose cancer but after chemotherapy, can be used to measure the success

tumor antigens

Cancer diagnostic methods include

pap smear/ cytology
tissue biopsy
tumor markers

Tests urine for cancer or infection

cytology test

Takes small amount of tissue from a needle to test for cancer

tissue biopsy

Evaluates the tumor size, nodal involvement, and metastatic progress

TNM staging

Shrinks the cancer cell to make it easier to remove

radiation

Makes sure to get the loose cancer cells roaming around

chemotherapy

Eradicates cancer and after five years it still doesnt come back

curative treatment

Treatment to ease comfort to die with dignity and love

palliative treatment

Mole that bleeds when scratched must be

interrupting a blood vessel (no good)

Things that cancer causes our body to produce (systemic manifestations)

cachectin
tumor necrosis factor

Causes a lack of appetite, wastes away tissue

cachectin

Tumor necrosis factor

causes low grade fever at night with no virus

Tend to get hematologic, connective, or nervous cancers

children

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