Lecture Eight : Cellular Respiration
7 important questions on Lecture Eight : Cellular Respiration
What is cellular respiration and What is the function of ATP ?
- Aerobic → with O2
- Anaerobic → without O2
- Main energy carrying molecule
- Release energy that fuels cellular processes
What is the structure of a Mitochondria ?
- Composed of two membranes :
- Outer membrane
- Intermembrane Space
- Matrix : ‘cytoplasm’ of mitochondria
- Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) + Ribosomes
Explain the Stage 1 Glycolysis process and all the components involved of cellular respiration in the mitochondria ?
- Location: cytoplasm (not mitochondria)
- Overview: glucose (6 carbon) → 2 x pyruvate (3 carbon)
- Generates:
--> 2 x NADH (carries electrons)
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Explain the Stage 2 Citric Acid Cycle process and all the components involved of cellular respiration in a mitochondria ?
- Location: mitochondrial matrix
- Overview: Pyruvate → Acetyl CoA (enters citric acid cycle)
- Generates (For 2 Pyruvates):
- 2 x ATP
- 2 x NADH (from pyruvate oxidation) 6 x NADH (from citric acid cycle) = 8 X NADH
- 2 x FADH2
Explain the Stage 3 Oxidative Phosphorylation process and all components involved of cellular respiration in a mitochondria ?
- Location : Inner membrane and intermembrane space of the mitochondria
- Composed of two other processes :
- Chemiosmosis
Explain What Electron Transport Chain does in the mitochondria ?
- NADH and FADH2 release their high energy electrons and move through the protein complexes that are located within the inner membrane
- As these high energy electrons move they become low energy when released allowing them to pump H+ protons from the matrix to the inner membrane space (against the concentration gradient)
- This creates a steeper proton gradient between inner membrane space and the matrix
Explain what chemiosmosis does in the mitochondria ?
- H+ diffuses down the ATP synthase protein channels
- This proton diffusion results in the activation of ATP synthase, helping convert ADP + Pi --> ATP
- Chemiosmosis generates majority of ATP, more than substrate level phosphorylation
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