Lecture Five :Endomembrane System & Bulk Transport Processes
10 important questions on Lecture Five :Endomembrane System & Bulk Transport Processes
What is meant by the Endomembrane System and outline what organelles they include ?
The organelles included are :
- Nuclear envelope
- Endoplasmic Reticulum (Smooth and Rough)
- Golgi Apparatus
- Vesicles
- Plasma membrane
- Lysosomes (animal cells)
- Vacuoles (plant cells)
What are the functions of the Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (sER) ?
- Metabolism of carbohydrates
- Lipid synthesis for membranes
- Detoxification of drugs and poisons
- Storage (and release) of calcium ions, which is used as a signal in the cell
What is a Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum and its function ?
Functions are :
- Involved in protein synthesis.
- Secretes membrane-bound proteins that enter the lumen of the rER.
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What is a Golgi Apparatus and its function ?
It has polarity because it contains two distinct faces where different things are occurring.
- "CIS" face : vesicles arriving
- "TRANS" face : vesicles leaving
Main function is that the Golgi apparatus receives, modifies, sorts and ships proteins arriving from the rough endoplasmic reticulum.
What are vesicles and its function ?
Proteins are packed into these vesicles which are then transported to the Golgi Apparatus.
Main function is transportation.
What is a lysosome and its function ?
Function :
- Digest and recycle unwanted cellular materials.
Explain the structure of the Vacuole and its functions ?
Functions :
- Can perform lysosome-like functions
- Large central vacuoles absorbs water allowing plant cells to grow without a large increase in cytoplasm.
Explain the Bulk Transport processes of exocytosis - Constitutive and Regulated
CONSTITUTIVE :
It is an ongoing relatively unregulated process. It is where the proteins made are secreted to outside of the cell.
REGULATED :
This is more tightly regulated because the vesicles contain substances that is secreted, it changes the environment outside the cell.
Explain the Bulk Transport processes of Endocytosis - Phagocytosis and Pinocytosis
PHAGOCYTOSIS : cell "eating"
- Pseudopodia outstretch, fuses and encases the food or bacteria.
- This forms a phagocytic vacuole which is digested by the lysosomes. In humans , this occurs in macrophages.
- This is a drink of solutes from outside the cell.
- After a Pina colada, there is not much regulation or control.
Explain the Bulk Transport Process - Receptor mediated Endocytosis
Receptor proteins are used to selectively capture the required solute.
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