The major vertebrate hormones - Monoamine hormones
4 important questions on The major vertebrate hormones - Monoamine hormones
What are monoamine hormones and in what 2 groups are they divided?
Divided into catecholamines and indole amines.
What monoamine hormones are secreted from the adrenal medulla and when are they released?
- Epinephrine (adrenaline)
- Norepinephrine (noradrenaline)
- Dopamine
They are catecholamines that are released with:
- Stress
- Exercise
- Low temperatures
- Anxiety
- Bleeding
What are the 5 general effects of epinephrine and norepinephrine?
They prepare the body for action through:
- Increase of heart rate and cardiac output
- Vasoconstriction of arteries and veins
- Dilatation of skeletal and liver blood vessels
- Increased glycolysis
- Increased blood glucagon concentrations and decreased insulin secretion
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What monoamine hormones are produced in the pineal gland and what do they do?
- Serotonin. High levels during the light hours of the day and lower during dark hours when serotonin is converted into melatonin.
Stimulates GH, TSH, ACTH release and inhibits LH release. - Melatonin. Important in the mammalian photoperiodic time measurement system. Also affects reproductive functions.
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