Summary: Chapter 5: Learning

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• 1 Chapter 5: Learning

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• As you take this test, you do not have to focus on taking your next breath, or making your heart beat. This is because ____ is involved int he control of vital life functions, such as breathing, heart rate, and digestion.

  Medulla

• Randy exercises more than most people and continues to train even when he has a cold or an injury. His friends joke that Randy seems addicted to exercise. According to the Focus on Neuroscience in Chapter 2, Randy's compulsive exercising:

  may be due to the involvement of his brain's opioid system and the production fo endorphins during and immediately ager exercise.

• ____ is a type of specialized cell whose main function is to communicate between neurons.

  An interneuron

• While taking this test, you have probably paid little attention to ongoing body functions, such as breathing, heartbeat, and digestion. Such involuntary bodily functions are governed by the:

  autonomic nervous system.

• Maria heard a strange banging noise just outside her bedroom window in the middle of the night. She froze in fear, and her heart began to pound. Maria's heightened physical arousal involved the activation of which subdivision of the nervous system?

  Sympathetic nervous system

• Most of the neurons int he human nervous system are:

  interneurons

• As you're eating lunch with a friend, you reach for your  glass of water with your right hand, lift it to your lips, take a sip, and then sit it down. This simple task involves:

  multiple brain structures and regions communicating via neural pathways.

• Which of the following is the sequence of ion movements that cause an action potential?

  Sodium ions move into the axon, and then potassium ions move out of the axon.

• As you are taking a test, you inadvertently drop your pencil, reach down, pick it up, and put it back on the desk. This voluntary action involves motor signals that are communicated to your muscles via the ___ nervous system.

  somatic

• Thomas was distracted as he was cooking, and he inadvertently touched a very hot dish. Instantaneously, he jerked his hand back, a reflexive action that was processed:

  in his spinal cord.