Summary: Chem

Read the summary and the most important questions on Chem

• C1.1 Fundamental Ideas

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• 1.1 On which side of the staircase are non-metals located?

  Non-metals are located on the right line of the stair case, the metals are found on the left side.

• 1.1 What does the effect of putting an element in a compound have on the types of atom?

  Compounds contain more than one type of atom, with chemical bonds holding the atoms tightly together in the compounds.

• 1.1 A group in the periodic tablecontains...?

  A group contains elements with similar chemical properties that have the same number of outer shell electrons.

• 1.1 What is the basic structure of an atom?

  Atoms are made up of a tiny central nucleus, that has an overall positive charge(made up of +ve protonsand neutral neutrons), and electrons configured in shells around it.

• What's the configuration structure of electrons?

  2,8,8,8

• 1.2 State the charge of a proton, neutron and electron.

  Proton = positive charge
  Neutron = neutral charge
  Electron = positive charge 
   Protons and electrons have equal and opposite charges.

• 1.3  How are electrons in an atom arranged?

  They are arranged in electron shells/energy levels.

• 1.3 If the number of electrons in the outermost determine how an element reacts, how does lithium, sodium and potassium all react with water?

  Lithium + Water -> Lithium Hydroxide + Hydrogen
  Sodium + Water -> Sodium Hydroxide + Hydrogen 
  Potassium + Water -> Potassium Hydroxide+Hydrogen 

• 1.3 What is special about Group 0/8?

  Group 0/8 elements are known as the 'noble gases', all having stable arrangements of electrons (having a full outer shell).

• 1.4 What type of bonding takes place when a metal reacts with and a non-metal?

  When a metal reacts with a non-metal, this is ionic bonding- where the atoms become ions.While metals form positively chargedions, non-metals form negatively charged ions. These oppositely charged ions attract to each other during ionic bonding.