EQUALIBRIUM - equilibrium (Le Chateliers Principle)
11 important questions on EQUALIBRIUM - equilibrium (Le Chateliers Principle)
What effect does changing concentration do?
- Adding a substance: system will shift to consume it
- Removing a substance: system will shift to create it
- Addition of liquids and solids gives no change
**This follows the equilibrium constant equation**
How to change the pressure?
- By adding or subtracting substances
- Adding inert gas (inert gas is not involved in the reaction)
- Changing the volume
What are the effects of changing the volume?
- Increasing volume : shifts to increase total number of gas molecules
- Decrease volume : shifts to decrease total number of gas molecules
**You must consider the moles on each side of the reaction**
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What are the effects of a catalyst?
- Has no effects
- Only affects how quickly it reaches equilibrium
Does temperature affect equilibrium constant?
- Yes it does
- change in temp = change in equilibrium constant
What are EXOTHERMIC REACTIONS?
- Heat is being released (on products side
- negative ΔH
- gives off heat to the surroundings
What are ENDOTHERMIC REACTIONS?
- Heat is being absorbed by the system
- positive ΔH
- On reactants side
What are the two types of Equilibrium Calculations?
- Given Equilibrium concentrations and pressure : Find K
- Given K : Find Equilibrium concentrations and pressure
How do you solve the K values?
- Intermediate K = solve exactly
- Small K = approximation
- Large K = approximation
How to calculate Equilibrium Constants
2. Make the ICE table
I - Initial
C - Change
E - Equilibrium
3. Put into the equilibrium equation to find K
When given a large K problem what must you do?
- Must let reaction go to completion (K forward is too large)
- Let reverse reaction establish equilibrium (back reaction)
** do a limiting reangent!!**
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