THERMOCHEMISTRY - First Law: energy, heat and work
19 important questions on THERMOCHEMISTRY - First Law: energy, heat and work
What is a surrounding?
What is an open system?
What is an isolated system?
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What is a adiabatic system?
What are states of functions?
- Are functions or properties that define the present conditions of a system
- does not depend on how it got to where it is
- Imagine a mountain, it does not matter how you got up that mountain, just that you are on top.
What are some examples of states of functions?
- Pressure
- Volume
- Temperature
- Moles
- Energy
What is internal energy?
- It is the energy in a system arising from the relative positions and interactions of each parts
- translations (motion)
- energy stored in bonds ( rotational, vibrational, electronic)
- energy stored in intermolecular forces
What is an extensive property?
- Change of something as the amount of matter of it changes
What are some examples of extensive properties?
- Volume
- Length
- Weight
- Size
- Entropy
What are the sign conventions?
Is temperature intensive or extensive?
What are some examples of intensive properties?
- Temperature
- Density
- Melting Point
- Boiling Point
- Concentration
What does the quantity of heat depend on?
- The temperature change of substance
- The amount of a substance (usually mass)
- The nature of a substance
- H2O, Al, Ni..
What is a molar heat capacity?
- It is "C"
- units of J/mol C or J/mol K
T/F Is heat capacity intensive, while molar heat capacity and specific heat capacity is extensive?
- False
- heat capacity is extensive
- specific heat capacity and molar heat capacity is intensive
What is the use of a calorimetry?
- To measure the heat released/absorbed during a reaction
- q = mc
ΔT
What are the 2 most common type of work encountered in chemical processes?
- Work done by a gas (expansion, w < 0)
- Work done to a gas (compression, w > 0)
If P (external) > P (internal) what will happen?
- The gas will be compressed
- the surroundings will perform work on the system (+w)
- Vf < Vi
Why is it negative in the equation w = -PΔV
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