Crystal control in ice cream - Proposed mechanism of IBP binding to ice

4 important questions on Crystal control in ice cream - Proposed mechanism of IBP binding to ice

What can increase the thermal hysteresis of IBPs?

The ice-binding surface on an IBP. The ice-binding site of an IBP is generally hydrophobic and a more extensive surface increases thermal hysteresis activity.

Which 2 sub-theories of the hydrogen-bonding theory are there?

  1. Threonine hydroxyl group forms a hydrogen bond to one of the water molecules in the top layer of the crystal --> 1 hydrogen bond per threonine
  2. Threonine hydroxyl penetrates the top ice layer, and directly interacts with the water molecules of the second layer --> 3 hydrogen bonds per threonine hydroxyl

Is extended or short AFP more effective for thermal hysteresis?

Extended AFP, as it has a larger area for binding the ice crystal, consequently covering more of the ice crystal with one protein.
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How can the essential threonine residues in the ice-binding interaction be identified?

Measuring the thermal hysteresis of mutations with bulkier tyrosine residues.

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