Summary: Chemical Ideas | 9780435631499 | central Chris Otter

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• 1 Agriculture and Industry

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• How do you calculate the atom economy?

  (Mr of useful product/ Mr of reactants) x 100

• 1.1 Green chemical process

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• What are potential benefits of using a certain industrial method?

  - high percentage yield

  - solvent can be recycled = does not damage the environment through waste disposal 

  - no toxic products

  - high atom economy

• How can chemists help farmers improve food?

  - pesticides

  - control soil pH

• Suggest two reasons why CO isn't released into the atmosphere?

  - it's toxic

  - it can be burnt as a fuel

• What are the environmental hazards of making benzophenone? 

  - HCl is produced = toxic

  - aluminium compounds are wasted

  - benzene is toxic and hazardess 

• What are the benefits of recycling?

  - minimise waste

  - reduce energy consumption

  - reduce feedstock consumption

• What difficulties arise when recycling plastics?

  Sorting different types of plastics as they have similar properties. As a result, most recycled plastics are mixtures of different polymers.

• Why does recycling aluminium mean a large saving of emitted carbon dioxide compared to other materials e.g. glass?

  The process of extracting aluminium consumes a large amount of energy which is produced from burning fossil fuels. Less fuel is needed to recycle aluminium.

• What hazard arises when using sodamide? How is it minimised? 

  Reacts violently with water

  Keep under anhydrous conditions 

• What hazard arises when using pyridine? How is it minimised? 

  Highly flammable

  Keep in  a sealed container & incinerate excess gas