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Exam preparation - The electron transport chain/oxidative phosphorylation

14 important questions on Exam preparation - The electron transport chain/oxidative phosphorylation

1 - i) The electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation both occur within the mitochondria. However, each process occurs within specific regions of the mitochondria.
b) Describe in detail the location where OP occurs in the mitochondria by referring to one or more of the mitochondrial matrix, inner membrane, intermembrane space and outer membrane.

In some way the M, the I M and the IM S are all involved in OP

H are pumped from the M into the IM S through C's I, II and IV of the ETC which is located in the I M

Once enough H atoms have built up in the IM S which is between the I and O M M, the H atoms move back into the M via ATP synthase

This generates ATP, which is located in the I M of the M

1 - ii) What happens if oxygen is not available for use as the final electron acceptor in the ETC?

The ETC stops

This results in OP also stopping

This means the generation of ATP ceases

1 - iv) What is the main reason the ETC is coupled to oxidative phosphorylation (OP)? Hint: this is a short response, but a full response would refer to the movement of H+ into the intermembrane space and what the H+ is used for thereafter.

OP cannot occur without the ETC

1 - v) Why is the final output of OP important?

ATP is used to power the C processes that keep the C alive

The more H that goes through the ATP S during OP, the more ATP is made

2 - i) Electrons are removed from the NADH and FADH2 coenzymes by complexes I and II of the ETC, respectively. The electrons from the electron rich coenzymes are passed along the chain of complexes within the ETC. How are electrons stripped from the NADH coenzyme by complex I?

Via a R R

2 - i) What happens to the electron poor coenzyme NAD+ after the electrons have been stripped off NADH via a redox reaction?

N is taken back to the CAC to be used in the R R steps

2 - ii) Electrons are passed down the electron transport chain from complexes I/II to complex III. Describe the component of the ETC that allows the electrons to be passed between the complexes of the ETC?

M E C's are responsible for carrying E's between the static C's within the ETC

M E C CQ carries E's from C's I and II to C III

2 - iii) Oxygen is the final electron acceptor of the ETC, where oxygen accepts electrons from complex IV itself becoming H2O. Why is it important that oxygen is present to function as the final electron acceptor of the ETC?

For more E's to move through the ETC, the previous E's must be taken off the ETC

O takes E's off the ETC in the final step by accepting E's from C IV

After O has accepted the E's, more E's can move through the ETC

2 - iv) As electrons are passed along the complexes within the ETC, the complexes I, III and IV open their H+ channels. What happens once these H+ channels are open?

The open H C's of the ETC C's allows H to move from the M into the IM S

2 - iv) What happens as more electrons move through the ETC?

More H are pumped into the IM S which is between the I and O M

2 - iv) What happens when the concentration of H+ is high in the intermembrane space?

OP begins where the H move through ATP S back into the M

2 - v) Once there is a high concentration of H+ in the intermembrane space, the H+ move through ATP synthase back into the matrix. How does the movement of H+ through ATP synthase regenerate ATP?

The movement of H from a high G to a lower G generates E, which is harnessed by the ATP S E to regenerate ATP

2 - v) How is energy harnessed by the ATP synthase enzyme to regenerate ATP?

A P unit is attached to an ADP in the presence of E from the movement of H through the ATP S to regenerate ATP

2 - v) What are the main parts of the equation for regenerating ATP in the ETC/OP?

ADP plus P plus E is converted to ATP

The E is derived from the movement of H from a higher G to a lower G

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Chemistry and Biochemistry

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Exam preparation - The electron transport chain/oxidative phosphorylation

14 important questions on Exam preparation - The electron transport chain/oxidative phosphorylation

1 - ii) What happens if oxygen is not available for use as the final electron acceptor in the ETC?

1 - iv) What is the main reason the ETC is coupled to oxidative phosphorylation (OP)? Hint: this is a short response, but a full response would refer to the movement of H+ into the intermembrane space and what the H+ is used for thereafter.

1 - v) Why is the final output of OP important?

2 - i) Electrons are removed from the NADH and FADH2 coenzymes by complexes I and II of the ETC, respectively. The electrons from the electron rich coenzymes are passed along the chain of complexes within the ETC. How are electrons stripped from the NADH coenzyme by complex I?

2 - i) What happens to the electron poor coenzyme NAD+ after the electrons have been stripped off NADH via a redox reaction?

2 - ii) Electrons are passed down the electron transport chain from complexes I/II to complex III. Describe the component of the ETC that allows the electrons to be passed between the complexes of the ETC?

2 - iii) Oxygen is the final electron acceptor of the ETC, where oxygen accepts electrons from complex IV itself becoming H2O. Why is it important that oxygen is present to function as the final electron acceptor of the ETC?

2 - iv) As electrons are passed along the complexes within the ETC, the complexes I, III and IV open their H+ channels. What happens once these H+ channels are open?

2 - iv) What happens as more electrons move through the ETC?

2 - iv) What happens when the concentration of H+ is high in the intermembrane space?

2 - v) Once there is a high concentration of H+ in the intermembrane space, the H+ move through ATP synthase back into the matrix. How does the movement of H+ through ATP synthase regenerate ATP?

2 - v) How is energy harnessed by the ATP synthase enzyme to regenerate ATP?

2 - v) What are the main parts of the equation for regenerating ATP in the ETC/OP?

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