Exam preparation - The citric acid cycle
15 important questions on Exam preparation - The citric acid cycle
1 - i) What are the three main points explaining why the citric acid cycle (CAC) occurs in the matrix of the mitochondria?
Each of the steps of the CAC require a specific E to facilitate the CR
The E's needed for the CAC are located in the M of the M, so that is where the CAC R occurs
A M R always occurs where the E's needed for the R are located
1 - ii) What are four main points for the final output (end products) for the CAC?
Each time the CAC is completed, three N and one F are made
OA is the P in the final step of the CAC, step 8
The creation of OA in the last step, combined with its use as a R in step 1 of the next CAC, makes the CAC a C process
1 - iii) What happens after pyruvate has been produced in glycolysis from glucose?
O is also needed for a later step in the CMP that is linked to the CAC
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1 - v) What does the CAC produce?
The CAC produces the E rich C E's F and N
One F and three N are produced
1 - v) Why is it necessary for us to perform the CAC?
The CAC produces the E rich C E's (1 FADH2 and 3 NADH) which are needed to start the next step in the CMP, the ETC
1 - vi) The CAC is under the control of enzymatic regulation at several steps throughout the reaction. What are two high level reasons why enzymatic control of the CAC is required?
E C is needed so that the CAC is performed when ATP is needed
E C is also needed so that when ATP is abundant, the CAC will stop
1 - v) What are three main reasons why enzymatic regulation of the CAC is required?
E's are needed to facilitate each of the CAC R's
Some of the E's are A E's with RB sites
P and N R's bind to the E's RB sites to I or D the activity of the E respectively
1 - v) What is an example of what happens when an enzyme binds a negative regulator?
2 - i) In the first reaction of the CAC, where can the reactant acetyl CoA come from?
A CA can also come from BO of FA
2 - i) In the first reaction of the CAC, where can the reactant oxaloacetate come from?
O can come from M in the last step (step 8) of the CAC
O can also come from P
2 - ii) What are the main parts of the equation for step 4 of the citric acid cycle?
2 - ii) Step 8 of the CAC is a redox reaction that requires NAD+ to facilitate the reaction. In the course of the redox reaction NAD+ is reduced to NADH. What affect does this have on the other compounds in the reaction?
This results in the compound becoming O
2 - iii) Step 6 of the CAC is a redox reaction that requires FAD to facilitate the reaction. In the course of the reaction FAD is reduced to FADH2. What affect does this have on the other compounds in the reaction?
Once S loses two H atoms, the two central C atoms form an additional CC bond, which results in the formation of a D CC bond
Once the D CC bond has formed the compound is now F
2 - iv) After oxaloacetate has been generated in the last step of the CAC (step 8) what is it used for?
2 - iv) Why is oxaloacetate needed in the citric acid cycle?
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