Tutorials - Electron transport chain and Oxidative phosphorylation

8 important questions on Tutorials - Electron transport chain and Oxidative phosphorylation

What are the starting inputs (reactants) for ETC?

Electron rich coenzymes NADH and FADH2

What is another necessary starting input (reactant) for ETC?

Oxygen is also required by the ETC as the final electron acceptor from complex IV

What is the role of oxygen in the ETC?

Oxygen is necessary as the final electron acceptor to allow more electrons to be passed along the chain of complexes in the ETC. Without oxygen the ETC stops, OP stops, the generation of ATP stops, and the cells begin to die
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What joins the electron transport chain (ETC) process to the oxidative phosphorylation (OP) process?

OP can not occur without the ETC. The protein complexes of the ETC allow H+ to move from the matrix into the intermembrane space and as H+ moves through ATP synthase the energy generated is used to attach a phosphate unit to ADP which regenerates ATP

What is the final output of OP?

ATP. The more H+ that moves through ATP synthase during OP, the more ATP is made

How are electrons stripped off coenzyme NADH in complex I?

One of the components of complex I called FMN is reduced, oxidising coenzyme NADH and causing NADH to become the electron poor form, NAD+

What component of the ETC allows the electrons to be passed between the complexes of the ETC?

Mobile electron carriers CoQ, carrying electrons from complexes I and II to complex III, and cytochrome C, carrying electrons from complex III to complex IV

Why is it important that oxygen is present in the ETC?

Oxygen accepts electrons from complex IV, allowing more electrons to move through the ETC. Without oxygen, the ETC would stop so OP and ATP generation would stop and cells would begin to die

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