Summary: Circulatory Health 1
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Read the summary and the most important questions on Circulatory Health 1
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HC - Refreshing lecture
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Steps of excitation-contraction coupling?
- AP enters cell -> opens voltage-gated Ca-channels
- Ca uptake cell membrane L-type Ca-channel
- Ca SR -> cytosol via RYR2 (calcium induced calcium release)
- Ca binds troponin C
- Myosin-Actin interaction
- Contraction
- Ca uptake SERCA/PLN ATP-dependent cytosol -> SR
- Ca efflux via sodium-calcium-exchanger. Balance K-Na-pump.
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Consequence less functional myosin heavy chain?
Cardiomyopathy -> HF -
Consequence less functional SR, Serca, PLN?
Less forceful contraction -
Difference resting phase autorithmic cell/ventricular cell?
Auto: Funny channels. Spontaneously Na/K passing channels. Slow depolarisation -
What happens when threshold is reached AP?
Ca-channels open -> depolarisation en Ca for contraction. After that K-channels open -> repolarisation -
Where does contraction of ventricles start?
Apex -
Consequence loss/gain function K-channels?
Loss -> Long QT-syndrom
Gain -> short QT-syndrom -
Dysfunction intercalated discs?
Arrhythmia, cardiomyopathy, HF -
HC - Cell-Based Therapies for cardiac repair
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Therapy option HF?
Transplantation
Medicine (symptoms)
Left ventricular assist device
REGENERATIVE MEDICINE -
Isolation cells choices and challenges?
Blood cells, BM, Cardiac, Embryonic stem cells, iPS
BM/blood -> supporting cells, but not HMC
Embryonic: Ethical, teratoma, purification
Cardiac: Vascularisation + HMC. Isolation from oracle, Sca-1-marker, filter with magnet
iPS: Reprogramming to embryonic stem cells. Select carefully (same embryonic)
Challenges: Purity, number, differentiation
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