Understanding and analyzing civil war
18 important questions on Understanding and analyzing civil war
Background. > After the high hopes of the early 1990's, three developments in particular took the gloss of (nam de glans weg) what were no doubt unrealistic expectations of rapid results. What were those three developments?
- There were the difficulties that international interveners encountered in chaotic war zones such as in Bosnia (1992-1995) and Somalia (1992-1993).
- There was the collapse of the Isreali-Palestinian "Oslo" peace process with the launch of the second Intifada (Uprising) in September 2000.
- The shock of the destruction of the WTC and the attack on the Pentagon on 9/11 2001 in the United States.
Framework models. > Johan Galtung proposed an influential model of conflict. He suggested that conflict could be viewed as a triangle, with contradiction, attitude and behaviour. What does the term contradiction imply in this triangle?
Framework models. > Johan Galtung proposed an influential model of conflict. He suggested that conflict could be viewed as a triangle, with contradiction, attitude and behaviour. What does the term attitude imply in this triangle?
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Framework models. > Johan Galtung proposed an influential model of conflict. He suggested that conflict could be viewed as a triangle, with contradiction, attitude and behaviour. What does the term behaviour imply in this triangle?
Framework models. > We end direct violence by:
Framework models. > We end structural violence by:
Framework models. > We end cultural violence by:
Framework models. > Describe conflict transformation:
Framework models. > Describe conflict settlement:
Framework models. > Describe conflict containment:
Conflict resolutions techniques. Stage of the conflict: Difference. What strategic response is necessary? And which examples does that response accompany?
Examples:
- Problem-solving.
- Support for indigenous (inheems) dispute-resolution institutions and CR training.
- Fact-finding missions and peace commissions.
- Culture of toleration and respect.
- Multiple and inclusive identities.
Conflict resolution techniques. > Stage of the conflict: Contradiction. What strategic response is necessary? And which examples does that response accompany?
Examples:
- Development assistance.
- Civil society development.
- Governance training and institution building.
- Human rights training.
- Track II mediation and problem-solving.
- Institutional capacity.
- Consitutional and legal provision.
- Legitimacy and social justice.
Conflict resolution techniques. > Stage of the conflict: Polarization. What strategic response is necessary? And which examples does that response accompany?
Examples:
- Special envoys and official mediation.
- Negotiation.
- Coercive diplomacy.
- Preventive peacekeeping.
Conflict resolution techniques. > Stage of the conflict: Violence. What strategic response is necessary? And which examples does that response accompany?
Strategic response > Peacekeeping.
Examples:
- Interposition.
- Crisis management and containment.
Conflict resolution techniques. > Stage of the conflict: Ceasefire. What strategic response is necessary? And which examples does that response accompany?
Examples:
- Preventive peacekeeping.
- Disarmament and security sector reform.
- Confidence building and security enhancing measures.
- Security in the community though police training.
Conflict resolution techniques. > Stage of the conflict: Agreement. What strategic response is necessary? And which examples does that response accompany?
Examples:
- Electoral and constitutional reform.
- Power sharing and de-centralization of power.
- Problem-solving.
Conflict resolution techniques. > Stage of the conflict: Normalization. What strategic response is necessary? And which examples does that response accompany?
Examples:
- Collective security and cooperation arragements.
- Economic resource cooperation and development.
- Alternative defence.
Conflict resolution techniques. > Stage of the conflict: Reconciliation. What strategic response is necessary? And which examples does that response accompany?
Examples:
- Commissions of enquiry/truth and justice commissions.
- Peace media development.
- Peace and conflict awareness education and training.
- Cultural exchanges and initiatives, sport and reconciliation.
- Problem-solving as future image.
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