Business Organizations

14 important questions on Business Organizations

What is a Sole Proprietorship?   How are they created?

An individual carrying out business on their own
Business license

What is a Partnership? How is it created?

Simples available form of business
People pool resources
Actions of parties -  by agreement

What is a general partnership? What are the advantages/disadvantages?

General partnerships: Created by actions or agreements of parties
  • Advantages:
    • No registration needed
    • Fewer ongoing reporting obligations
    • Income and expenses shared by partners
    • Division labour and sharing of risk
    • Combining resources and expertise
  • Disadvantages:
    • Each partner liable for actions of ALL partners
    • Each partner is an agent for ALL partners
    • Does not limit liability to world at large
    • Partners must act in interest of partnership
    • Can't differ income tax liability
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What is a Limited Partnership (LP)?

Limited Partnership: Limited partners who only contribute to capital and do not manage the business
  • Requires a general partner who manages the business
  • General partner is fully liable for all debts and obligations

What are the advantages/disadvantages of an LP?

  • Advantages:
    • Fewer ongoing reporting obligations
    • Income and expense sharing
    • Liability and risk is limited to share
    • Broader management base
  • Disadvantages:
    • Partners may still be fiduciaries
    • Little opportunity to defer tax
    • Easy to lose Limited Partner status

What is a Limited Liability Partnership (LLP)?

Combines general and limited partnerships
  • Not a separate legal entity from partners
  • All partners are active in management

What is a Corporation? How is it created? Who incorporates it?

Legal "person" separate and distinct from shareholders
All the powers of a person and an independent existence from its shareholders
Created by application for incorporation with at least one director and one shareholder
Must use Inc. Corp. Or Ltd. In name

What distinguishes a corporation from a Partnership?

Limited liability - no member can be held personally responsible for debts, obligations or acts of the corporation beyond the share
Perpetual succession: existence does not depend on continued membership of its stakeholders
More regulatory bodies

What does a separate legal entity mean? How does this apply to corporations?

A separate legal entity means the company is a legal person that acts through its stakeholders
Can sue/be sued in its own name
DOES NOT IMPLY ABSENCE OF LIABILITY

If a corporation is considered a separate legal entity, how are professionals within the corporation held liable?

Liability arises from governing legislation

What would cause a court to pierce the corporate veil?

If a shareholder uses the company to commit a fraud

What are some of the advantages experienced by corporations?

  • Tax advantages
  • Limited liability
  • Transferable ownership
  • Continuous existance
  • Seperate legal entity
  • Easier to raise capital

What are some of the disadvantages experienced by corporations?

  • More regulations and ongoing reporting
  • More expensive to organize
  • Extensive record keeping
  • Shareholders/directors can be held responsible by regulatory bodies (pierce corporate veil)
  • Personal guarantees undermine limited liability advantage

What are some risk mitigation strategies for businesses?

  • Establish business as a corporation or LP rather than a partnership or proprietorship
  • Minimize investment in share capital
  • Obtain insurance

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