Summary: Class Differences In Achievement
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1 Class Differences in Achievement
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Name two types of factors that affect patterns of achievement.
Internal and external -
Give 3 examples of cultural factors that may affect education.
Socialisation, attitudes to education and speech codes -
Give 3 examples of material factors that may affect education.
Adequate housing, diet and income. -
Describe what is meant by culture in the cultural deprivation theory.
'Culture' refers to the norms, values, beliefs, skills and knowledge that a society or a group regards as important. -
Explain the cultural deprivation theory.
When some working class parents fail to transmit the appropriate norms, values, attitudes, knowledge, skills etc -- needed for educational success. -
Name the three factors cultural deprivation theorists believe is responsible for working class under achievement.
Language, parents' education and working class subculture -
What effect do educational toys and reading have on children and who is more likely to use them?
They stimulate their thinking and reasoning skills and put them at an advantage when they start school and middle class parents. -
What are the two types of language and who distinguished them?
Elaborated and restricted speech codes and Bernstein (1975) -
Which class uses which code?
Working class uses restricted code
Middle class uses elaborated code -
What is restricted code?
Less analytic and more descriptive, has a limited vocabulary and uses simple sentences and gestures. Particularistic (assumes listener shares meanings)
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