Past marine ecosystem changes
33 important questions on Past marine ecosystem changes
How do marine communities respond to climate change?
- Changes in composition
- Changes in body size
What do sea levels changes have an effect on?
- they affect habitat for organismsn in tropical, temperate and artic regions
What is the influence van CO2 on the seawater?
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What are the major drivers of marine responses to climate change?
- Sea level
- Circulation
- Acidifaction
What is the effect of temperature on the oceans?
What is the effect of precipation change on the oceans?
What do range shit lead to?
- Sometimes transitory, sometimes long-lasting
What happend to Benthic organisms and why?
- Because of nutrients shifts because of temperature changes
When is plankton more diverse?
What are different responses to climate change?
- Or, by changes in nutrients availability and freshwater inputs
Are latitudinal shits evident as well?
Why is body size important with regard to marine range changes?
- Larger bodied organisms are more invasive when introduced in another range
In which two ways does global warming fuel sea levels?
- Water expands as it warms -> higher mean global temperature -> rise in sea level due to thermal expansion
- Melting of land ice
Why does melting of sea ice not have any effect on sea levels?
- It could profound food web implications but it is not a contributor to global sea level rise
What are the two major types of ocean circulation?
- Changes in teleconnections
What happens with thermohaline circulation?
- Light freshwater dilutes the heavier saline water of the Gulf stream -> preveting it from sinking -> breaking the conveyor belt effect of the circulation
Why is the nutrient accumulation so important?
- This nutrients upwelling results in high productivity of phytoplankton -> high diveristy + abundance of other levels of food chain + rich fisheries
What happens with the change in teleconnections?
What happens when weather patterns occur on a large scale?
- Change is one area may result in changes in many other areas due to connections
What happens when the ocean CO2 and PH levels change?
What are tropical corals?
What is the influence of high CO2?
Which two factors do correlate in in corals?
What is the growth of scleractinian corals sensitive to?
- Turbidity
- Temperature
- Calcium carbonate saturation state
When is there less photosyntehetic productivity?
- high temperature
What does turbidity reduce?
- photosynthesis in corals
What does the PH and calcium carbonate staturation state of seawater determine?
Due to what can salinity change on regional scales?
- Thermohaline circulation
- Varies between regions due to differences in evaporation and upwelling
What is turbidity and how can it vary? What does it reduce?
- It can vary due to changing in sea level, continential erosion
- It reduced the amount of light, so reducing coral growth
What were reefs earlier composed of? And now?
- Now sceleratinian corals emerge now
What are reef gaps and what does it correspont to?
- Correspond to the major mass extinction
- Rugose and tabulate became extinct
What do modern scleractinian corals include?
- Solitary cold and deep water corals
What are human problems in tropical reefs?
- Fishing pressure
- This all influences turbidiy and food-chain structure and function
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