Past terrestrial response
29 important questions on Past terrestrial response
What continents did you have 200 million years ago?
- Splitting into Laurasia and Gondwanaland
What was connected in Gondwanaland?
- A lot of plant and animal families are related, but are nog found in different regions
Where did Gondwanaland broke up into?
- Africa
- South America
- Australia
- Antartica
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What do plants use to exchange CO2 with the atmosphere?
- When there is more CO2 present, plants need less stomata to get the job done
- Fewer stomata mean lower atmospheric CO2
Why are warm evergreen broadleaf forest of interest?
- Similar to tropical forest of today, but they were found in the subtropics and temperature latitudes in the past
- They both reflect warm conditions (mega thermal forests)
What is the Ecocene climatic optimum?
- Warm rain forst on all continents except Antartica
What provided these warm rain forests?
What did intermittent connection between north america and europa via greenland gave rise to
What did the division between South America and Africa result in?
What did the rise of central and northern andes create?
What did the is ages cuminate?
How do plants and animals respond to climate change?
- Pursuing climate conditions that meet their own specific set of tolerances
How do ice ages start?
- Ice is then retained through the warm season and continental ice sheets are formed
What happened after an ice age?
- Species all had their own speed -> constant shifting of species associations
What is a remarkable facet?
- Rare long distance dispersal events must account for the long-distance range shifts
What is Reid's paradox?
- Long distance dispersal
- Micro pockets of vegetation
What was the response of the south?
- Less land -> impossible for very cold continental winter to become established
- The south had extensive montane glaciers with large areas of non-ice habitats
There is no poleward land for vegetation to occupy as climate warmed, what did this result in?
What happend when there was rapid climate reversal?
Which slopes are warmer?
Northern facing slopes are warmer in the SH
What are two explanations for the speed of NH tree migration after the last glacial?
-Patches of forest existed close to the ice sheets that served as point of expansion
What was the influence of huge continental ice sheets?
- A kilometer-thick ice sheet would be high enough to partically block the jet stream that brings cold arctic air into NA and Europe
- Conditions near the ice sheet might be warmer than you might expect -> sometimes even warm enough to support forest
What is the younger Dryas?
- Warming was interrupted by sudden return to cold conditions
What is the C.octopetala and what does it say?
- its absence indicated warming, appearance a cold snap
What was the cause of the Younger Dryas?
- As climate warms, continental ice melts, large quantities of freshwater accumulates -> Ice blocked drainage for years -> bloacked was breached -> huge amount of fresh water into North Atlatic -> shuts down the Gulf Stream -> rapid cooling
- When the freshwater pulse stopped -> thermohaline turned back on -> rapid warming
What are the tropcial responses?
- But, there was smaller revegetation
What happend when temperatures warmed?
- Different species mixes moved upslope as forest expanded upwards
How are major climatic cycles driven?
- Small changes in incoming solar energy can have large climatic consequences
- Ice buildup reflects sunlight, setting up a positive feedback loop that results in accelerated cooling or ice melt
What are the lessons of the past change?
- The individualistic nature of species response to climate change
- The resultant splitting up and reassembly of communities
- The emergence of novel assemblages of species and the dissappearance of others
- The terrestrial realm shows clear marks of change due to Milankovitch cycles, which it holds in common with water realms
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