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Adaptation of conservation strategies

28 important questions on Adaptation of conservation strategies

What are protected areas?

Effective means of accommodating species range movements in response to climate change

What are biodiveristy hot spots

High number of endemic species and high levels of human treat

What are Halpin's 3 recommendations?

- Multiple representation of conservation tragets, in case on is compromised by climate change
- Working outside of reserves to encompass areas in which range shifts might occur
- Managing landscapes for connectivity

What are range boundarie?

- They are NOT monolithic entities but, a collection of metapopulations that vary in time, increasing or decreasing more or less rapidly in reponse to climate change

What must also be considered with range boundaries?

Metapopulation dynamics must also be considered
- For instance a species may have some populations moving north as a latitudinal response to warming but other populations moving in the opposite direction as an elevational response if the only nearby mountains are in the south

What is Peter's prediction?

Climate change may cause species to move out of reserves. It may also cause species to move into reserves, increasing protection of some populations.

How can you help avoid extinctions due to climate change?

-By choosing areas that retain suitable climate of that allow species to migrate
-Species that lose representation because of climate change can regain some of the lost protected areas if new protected areas a added in the landscape

What will happen if you wait with taking action?

This will results in higher protection area addition needs

What is the rear edge of current range shits?

Edge that has been most stable in glacial-interglacial cycles

What is planning for target?

Conserving a representative sample of species or habitats types

What is planning for process?

Capturing temporal phenomena in conservation plan

What is planning for persistence?

Conservation that endures over longer time frames

When is a site irreplacable?

When a species is found in only one location

What happens when there is less vulnerability or greater resilience to a threat?

Lower priority of conervation of the site, because it will be less affected by the threat

What are resistance spieces/sites

- They are less damaged by climate change
- Species with broad physiological tolerances

What are resilient species/sites?

- Better able to recover once damaged
- Species with high reproductive potential, high seed rain , so plants can re-establish

When are conservation strategies prioritized?

In areas that are resilient/resistant
- Because the protected area will persist

When has an area priority to protection?

If some species if only found in one location + it does not matter than if these areas are resilient or resistant

What means living death?

Tree mortality due to climate change in young trees. Seedlings are not deeply rooted and may be senstitive to drought and heat stress

What is the main management option for climate change?

Trying to modify its effects by changing environment of factors (threats, disturbances, species, tourism) with which it interacts

What is disturbance management?

Control of fire and guiding recovery and restoration of areas affected by storms, grazing and other disturbances

What happens in reserves in which fire and invasive species are management issues?

They become much more sensitive to tourism impacts as climate changes

What are the general principles for reserve managers?

- Be aware of climate change effects on current management objectives, such as threatened species or fire control
- Be alert for non-threatened or nonobjective species or processes whose status may change significantly because of climate change
- Plan on longer time frames
- Consider interactions between management objectives that may be sensitive to climate change

What are resiliance reefs?

Reefs that can recover after damaging

What are resistance reefs?

Reefs that are resistance to bleaching
- due to currents, upwelling and previous exposure to bleaching

What become reefs that can recover?

A source of recolonization of corals for areas in which mortality is high

What happens due to disappearance of the sea ice?

Makes a more active ecosystem in the water column -> Plankton that used to fall through the water coloumn and be deposited in the bottom is not caught in the food web -> less nutrients reach the bottom -> large scale shift in species composition in the bottom (decreasing mollusks and more brittle stars)

What does the retreat of ice ice also means?

Species have to rest more in the water -> More thermal loss -> more feed
- Sometimes they follow sea ice -> need to dive deeper bc they are farther from the continental shelf
- Fisheries of groundfish will make this effect even worse

The question on the page originate from the summary of the following study material:

Climate Change Ecology

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