Summary: Climate Change: The Science And Global Impact
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1 Climate and Climate Change
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What are radiative forcings?
Warming or cooling factors (both natural or human) -
What are feedback mechanisms?
They eighter attenuate (verzwakken) a negative feedback or amplify (versterken) a positive feedback. -
What are positive feedback mechanisms?
They multiply the impacts of the forcings -
What are 2 positive feedback mechanisms?
- Water vapour feedback (traps ggs)
- ice albedo feedback (less ice/snow - reflects less - warmer) -
Is cloud radiative feedback positive or negative?
Both, low (thicker) clouds- more reflection out to space - cooling effect/negative feedback). Higher (less dense clouds) trap heat - positive feedback/warming effect). -
Explain the carbon cycle (ocean/land sink)
Interaction between ocean, lans and atmosphere. Some Co2 is stored in the climate system - in trees/marine life (algae/plankton) ocean has stored >50% of emitted CO2 -
What is the effect of permafrost melting (carbon cycle feedback)
Methane is released in the atmosphere (gg) and warms the earth even more -
What is the carbon cycle feedback?
Carbon in the form of CO2/methane gets mobilised by the warming of the climate system itself, adding to the greenhouse effect and adding further to the warming. -
1.2 Energy balances
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What is sensible heat?
Air currents that bring warm air up in the atmosphere (cooling effect) -
What are 2 components that vary with latitude (breedtegraad)? Why does earth warm more at the equator than at the poles?
- Ice sweats near poles reflect uv
- more sun at the equator
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