Liquidity, Solvency, and Leverage Ratios - Solvency

4 important questions on Liquidity, Solvency, and Leverage Ratios - Solvency

What is the substantial difference between 'debt' and 'equity'?

Debt is the creditor interest in the firm.
Equity is the ownership interest in the firm.

What are Capital Structure Ratios?

These ratios report the relative proportions of debt and equity in a firm's capital structure at a given reporting date.


The total debt to the total equity of a corporation is a measure of creditor risk. What does it indicate?

It does indicate how much equity cushion is available to absorb losses before the interests of debt holders are impaired.
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What kind of Earnings Coverage ratios exist?

There are three types of Earnings Coverage ratios.

1. times interest earned ratio
                                    EBIT
                = ----------------------------
                       Interest Expenses

2. earnings to fixed charges ratio
    Include the interest portion associated with LT lease obligations.

                           Earnings before fixed charges and taxes
       = ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
           Fixed charges (= interest, required principal payments, leases)

3. cash flow to fixed charges ratio
    Removes the difficulties of comparing amounts overall fixed
    charges, not just interest expense.
    Note: Cash from operations is after-tax

               (Cash from operations + Fixed charges + Tax payments)
       = ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
           Fixed charges (= interest, required principal payments, leases)

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