Grassland management

27 important questions on Grassland management

What are the charasteristics of lolium perenne?

- Easy of establishment
- Yield potential and seasonal growth pattern
- Persistence
- Morphological compatability with white clover
- Feed quality charasteristics

What is an advantage of phleum pratense?

Better winterhardiness

What are the charasteristics of cocksfoot and tall fescue?

Better drought resistance and yield potential, but low feed quality
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What is a downside of dactlyis glomerata?

Very aggressive aboveground, will become the dominant species in mixtures

What are examples of legumes?

- White clover
- Red clover
- Alfalfa

Why are red clover and lucerne not suitable for grazing?

They have no stolons

What are the benefits of legumes?

- Can fix atmospheric N2
- Legume-fixed N can be transferred to grasses
- Lengthening of growing season due to N availability in autumn
- Feeding value: digestibility, rumen passage, voluntary intake, mineral contents
- Cut and carry fertilizers

How do you measure N2 fixation by grass-legume mixtures?

N difference method

What are the charasteristics of white clover in swards?

- Poor spring growth
- Highest growth rate in July/Agust
- Optimum DM% 40% (July/Augsut)

What is the feeding value of white clover?

Has less DM yield than grass
- Less strucutre
- High protein content
- Bloat risk

What are examples of creeping weed grasses with short stolons?

Agrostis stolonifera
Poa trivialis

What is ranunculus repens?

Creeping buttercup

What are the charasteristics of creeping buttercup?

Reproduces by above-ground stems which root down (stolons) to form new plants. Produces small hard seeds which can survive in animal manure

What are the feeding values of red clover?

- Lower protein content and lower digestibility than white clover
- Not very palatable in grazed grassland

What are the charasteristics of cough grass?

Has creeping rhizomes which enable it to grow rapidly across grassland, especially under mowing. It will be supressed under frequent tight grazing.

What is cirsium arvense?

Creeping thistle (weed)

What are the advantages of herbs is grassland?

-High digestibility
- Good consumption by ruminants
- Rich in minerals
- Deep rooting
- More drought-resistant
- With low fertilization higher yields than grass
- Nutrition base for insects
- Beauty of the landscape

What are the downside of herbs in grassland?

Seeds are expensive and some species have low persistency

What is an advantage of ribgrass/plantain?

- Very palateble
- High mineral content

What is an advantage of yarrow?

Extensive rooting system
Drought resistant

What are charasteristics of chicory?

Deep-rooting
Drought resistant
High mineral content

What are charasteristics of dandelion?

Thick tap root
Stimulates liver activity
Highly nutritious

What are factors affecting grazing behavior?

- Time of the day
- Animal factors (lactation stage, breed, body size, nutritional demand)
- Sward related factors (botanical composition, sward hight, tiller density)
- Climatic or weather related factors (temperature, rainfall, sunshine)
- Management (grazing system)

What is the pure graze system?

Higher stubble height left, higher herbage allowance/cow, means higher herbage intake per cow

What are the main effects of low N supply?

- Reduction in tillering rate
- Reduction in rate of leaf area development
- Lower shoot/root ratio

Why would you not use italian rye in your grassland?

Has a high yield but not permanent grass

What are unwanted grass species?

- Bent grasses (ireland)
- Rough-stalked meadow grass (nl)
- Creeping weed grasses with shirt stlons take up space for white clover

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