Systems in the tropics
20 important questions on Systems in the tropics
What are industrial farming systems?
Where does a grazing syste, develop?
What is a mixed crop-livestock system?
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What is the tragedy of the commons?
What is a savanna?
What are the charasteristics of savannes?
- Found in all tropical continents
- Largest ares (60%) in Africa
What happens when there is water available in sub soil?
What are other determinants of tree cover?
- Fire
What are the effects of browsing herbivores?
What is an example of how cover and density of trees are reduced by browsers?
- Pushing over medium sized trees (elephants)
- Destruction of smaller trees (elephants/ black rhino)
- Browsing of leaves, twigs and branches which mortality at high browsing pressure (giraffe)
- Consumption seeds and seedlings (impala)
What are the indirect effects of grazers?
- Increased water infiltration
- Increased germination of seeds
- Deposition of dung; increased nutrient supply, germination bed
What effects can herbivores have on trees?
- Removal of tree cover
+ and - effects on seedling establishment and recruitment
- Nutrient dynamics and soil water supply
Generally: browsers negative, grazers positive
Why use fire in pastoral systems?
- Increased visibility
- Improved forage quality for grazing because of young new material
What is the green flush after fire?
- Higher forage quality
- Higher grass intake per bite
What types of fire are there?
- Low intensity
What is a low intensity fire?
Less dagame to trees
Slow moving
More damage at ground level
What is a pasturalist?
What are communal grazing lands in dutch?
Why is the daily weight gain (DWG) lower with higher stocking rates?
- High quality food is aten first
- After that; only low quality left
What is a 'simple' solution to solve the tragedy of the commons?
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