Introduction: States, Nations & Regimes - Regimes
9 important questions on Introduction: States, Nations & Regimes - Regimes
What kinds of contemporare (moderne) classification can you name?
- Democratic regime
- Authoritarian Regime/Dictatorship
- Hybrid/Illiberal Regime
- Totalitarian Regime
What are the characteristics of democratic regimes?
- 1) Strong positive connotation
- 2) One of the most contested concepts in political science
- 3) "Rule by the people"
- 4) Strong element of political equality
- 5) Direct vs representative democracy
- 6) Majoritarian vs liberal democracy
Can you explain the difference between a direct democracy and representative democracy?
- A direct democracy = people govern themselves directly, but this is not possible in the modern world.
- Representative democracy = people do not govern themselves, but they elect representatives to govern on their behalf
- Creates distinction between rulers and ruled and creates a professional class (Schumpeter: democratic elitism) and a set of democratic institutions.
- Elections, parliaments, and political parties become key for democratic institutions.
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Can you explain the difference between majoritarian vs Liberal Demoracy when it comes to how many people decide?
Liberal democracy: as many people as possible
Can you explain the important difference between majoritarian and liberaal democracy?
- Liberal democracy: freedom, rule of law, protection of minorities are more important than majority preference, but: in some ways liberal democracy is less democratic: majority preference is not always decisive
What is a "Authoritarian Regime"?
- Term with s strongly negative connotations
- Highly diverse residual category (non-democracy)
- No competition for power: limited freedoms
What kinds of autoritarian regimes can you name?
- 1) Armed forces/military junta
- 2) Personal despotism/dictatorship
- 3) (Absolute) monarchy
- 4) One-party state
- 5) Theocracy
What is "Hybrid/Illeberal Regimes"?
- In-between cases (mostly emerged after the Third Wave)
- Diamond: "the grey zone"
- There are many varieties of hybrid regimes: with regard to media and judicial freedom, civil right, role of the opposition etc;
- Some countries appear to be progressing, other regressing
- In the end, hybrids are unstable and often plagued by massive political turmoil
What are "Totalitarian Regimes"?
- Attempt to transform society on a ideological basis; (re)socialization of citizens
- Participation encouraged or enforced: mass mobilozation
- State controls all aspects of public and private life: omnipresent
- System of terror enforced by secret police
- Single mass party, often led by a charismatic dictator
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