The Rise of Anti-Establishment Parties - Historical factors behind the rise of anti-establishment parties

4 important questions on The Rise of Anti-Establishment Parties - Historical factors behind the rise of anti-establishment parties

What was the direct cause of the rise of anti-establishment parties?

The youth revolts against the conservatism of post-war European politics and social life in 1968

What were the underlying causes of the rise of anti-establishment parties?

The emerge of post-materialist values from 1960 onwards: Inglehart: people weren't worried about materialist (money, food, safety and health) but because of higher education, better living-standards now over post-materialist (ecological and gender issues, pacifism etc.)

What became less and what became more important to people during the 1960s?

The left-right division and worries about economy. They demanded wider political participation and civic responsibility in policy making, which weakened party identification and volatility in voting patterns
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What was the final factor that led to anti-establishment parties from the 1990's?

The identity and representation crisis that Europe has struggled with due to migration and its impact

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