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Managing Knowledge and learning

5 important questions on Managing Knowledge and learning

What are the four types of knowledge proposed by Nonaka?

Explicit and individual: Conscious, embrained
Tacit and individual: Automatic, embodied
Explicit and social: Objectified, encoded
Tacit and social: Collective, embedded

What are Nonaka's principles for organizing principles for knowledge creation

• Creative chaos – induce a sense of crisis and forbid known solutions
• Autonomy – use self-organizing teams
• Requisite variety – heterogeneous groups
• Redundancy – reduced division of labor
• Common vision – use metaphors, analogies, and models

What are two strategies for managing knowledge?

• Codification approach
– Provide reliable solutions by reusing codified knowledge (e.g. Accenture)
– Reuse economics
– People-to-documents
– Strong IT focus
– Hire new graduates and train them in groups or through distance learning

• Personalization approach
– Provide creative solutions by channeling individual expertise (e.g. McKinsey) – Expert economics
– Person-to-person
– Low or moderate IT focus
– Hire MBAs who like problem-solving and train them through mentoring

What is knowledge networking?

Creating value bye meeting people (resources and relationships).

Combination of codification and personalization approach:

Storing and sharing information + Organizing human interaction

What are the prerequisites for knowledge sharing?

Knowledge is not solely a database, Knowledge should be viewed as directories of knowledge.

1. Use suitable communication channels (balance between codification and personalization = computer + e.g. workshops)
2. Clarify the value of knowledge sharing (create widespread understanding of overall goals)
3. Create incentives for sharing knowledge (awards and visibility to persons who share knowledge)
4. Allocate time for learning and diffusion of knowledge

The question on the page originate from the summary of the following study material:

Contemporary Strategy Analysis Text Only | 9781119941880 | Robert M Grant

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