Four models of adaptation

4 important questions on Four models of adaptation

Western societies has never experienced difficulties in adapting to the challengers of modernity?

False

What is the difference between the first two models of adaption: Emulation & Secularism and Religious modernism?

While emulation & secularism does not accord any role to religion within the state, the reform agenda of Religious modernism is based on religion itself.

What is the difference between the last two models of adaption: traditionalism and fundamentalism?

While traditionalism simply denies the need for reform, fundamentalism wants to go back to the early stages of the religion and its puritanical version of life.
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History across the region shows that Muslim-majority countries have chosen very different models of adaption for themselves.

True.

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