CF article De Jong, A., Kabir, R., & Nguyen, T. (2008). Capital structure around the world: the roles of firm- and country-specific determinants

4 important questions on CF article De Jong, A., Kabir, R., & Nguyen, T. (2008). Capital structure around the world: the roles of firm- and country-specific determinants

In the article "Capital structure around the world: The roles of firm- and country-specific determinants" From De Jong, Kabir, Nguyen. They made subcategories for the hypotheses. For which subcategory are the following Hypotheses?
  1. Bond market strucutre mitigates the effect of bankruptcy costs on leverage
  2. Capital formation mitigates the effect of bankruptcy costs on leverage
  3. Bond market structure mitigates the effect of agency costs on leverage
  4. Stock market structure mitigates the effect of agency costs on leverage
  5. Capital formation strengthens the effect of pecking order financing on leverage

Indirect country-specific effect

In the article "Capital structure around the world: The roles of firm- and country-specific determinants" From De Jong, Kabir, Nguyen. They made subcategories for the hypotheses. For which subcategory are the following Hypotheses?
  1. Tangibility coefficients are equal across all countries
  2. risk coefficients are equal across all countries
  3. size coefficients are equal across all countries
  4. tax coefficients are equal across all countries
  5. growth opportunity coefficients are equal across all countries
  6. profitability coefficients are equal across all countries
  7. liquidity coefficients are equal across all countries
  8. All firm-specific variables' coefficients are simultaneously equal across all countries

Equal firm-specific coefficients

What are the main findings of the following table?

  • The estimated regression coefficients of explanatory variables are shown in different columns. The adjusted R2 of all regressions is above 50%. This indicates that the model captures a good part of the variations.
  • It shows that corporate leverage is directly related to a number of country-specific factors.
  • The table shows that in countries with a relatively higher rate of economic growth, firms are more willing to use higher levels of debt to finance new investments
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What are the main findings in the following table

  • Overall results indicate that country-specific factors also have an impact on the roles of firm-specific determinants of capital structure.
  • This table shows the results for the indirect country-specific effects
  • The table shows the indirect impact of country-specific variables on leverage.
  • R2 is not everywhere above 0.5
  • Not all variables are shown (Because no specification yields a statistically significant coefficient.)

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