I&R M Mean-Variance Analysis and the capital Asset Pricing Model Chepter

11 important questions on I&R M Mean-Variance Analysis and the capital Asset Pricing Model Chepter

What is meant with a market portfolio?

It is called the market portfolio because every rational mean-variance investor holds it (This is also the tangency portfolio). It is a portfolio which:
  • Includes all risky assets
  • And the weight on each asset is the market value of that asset divided by the market value of all risky assets

What is meant with the Tangency portfolio?

The tangency portfolio is the most efficient portfolio. So this is the portfolio where the balance between risk and return is the best.

What is optimal investment?

Optimal investment is a combination of market portfolio and a risk-free asset and it lies on CML (Capital market line)

  • Market portfolio is approximated by a value-weighted index
  • Risk-free asset is approximated by a short-term treasury bill
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What is a short-term treasury bill?

Short-term debt obligation backed by the US.

What is meant with a Systematic Risk?

It is any risk that affects a large number of stocks, each to a greater or lesser degree.
(Example: Uncertainty about general economic conditions, such as national income, interest rate, exchange rate, or inflation.)

By which three factors are stock returns mostly explained?

  • Return of value-weighted index portfolio minus T-bills rate
  • Return of high book-to-market stocks minus return of low book-to-market stocks
  • Return of small-capitalization stocks minus return of large-capitalization stocks

What are large capitalization stocks?

Large capitalization stocks are shares of a company with a market capitalization of more than 5 billion

What are small capitalization stocks?

Small-capitalization stocks are stock in companies that have a market capitalization of between 300 million and 2 billion

What are the assumptions of the Capital Asset Pricing Model?

  • Investors care only about the mean and variance of their portfolio's returns.
  • Markets are frictionless, which means there are no constraints in trading the asset and no transaction costs.
  • Investors have homogeneous beliefs, which means that all investors reach the same conclusions about the means and standard deviations of all feasible portfolios.

What is Idiosyncratic risk?

  • Unique risk,
  • unsystematic risk
  • Diversifiable risk
  • firm-specific risk

Where is the tracking portfolio used for?

  • Hedging: Take the opposite position of the hedged asset
  • Valuation: Arbitrage pricing theory
    • When the expected return of the tracking portfolio is not equal to the tracked asset, there exist arbitrage gains.
    • Arbitrage gains are to make a risk-free profit with no cost in investment today
    • Thus no-arbitrage assumption governs a relationship between risk and return, this is the arbitrage pricing theory.

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