Criminological language

21 important questions on Criminological language

Present aruguments in favour of a jury trial:

  • The alternative to jury trials is more frightening.
    • You would not be sentenced by fellow citizens but by a magistrate.


  • Jury sense of justice.
    • Justice instead of the strict deposition of the law. 

Describe a derelict:

A person who has no home or money and often lives outside.

What is described here?

    A survey of citizens designed to determine the incidence of crime in society.

Victimization survey.
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What is described here?

A method where 3 or more variables (e.g: sex, age and salary) are manipulated to get results to confirm, in a positive or negative way, an idea. The result could be aggregate data.

Multivariate statistical analyses.

What is described here?

(In statistics) describes data combined from several measurements. An aggregate data is the data that is the result of applying a process to combine data elements from different sources.

Aggregate data.

What happens in a  Borstal institution?

A Borstal institution is a residential facility in Britain in which youthful offenders receive rehabilitation. 

Describe the age-graded social control theory:

Assumes that the causal relationship between early delinquent offending and later adult deviant behaviour is not solely a product of individual characteristics; social events may change some individuals while others continue to offend.

What situation is described here?

A situation when two unpleasant things happen at almost the same time:

Double whammy.

Describe the Labelling theory:

How the self-identity and behaviour of individuals may be determined or influenced by the terms used to describe or classify them, and is associated with the concept of a self-fulfilling prophecy and stereotyping.

Describe the routine activities theory:

Says that crime is normal and depends on the opportunities available. If a target is not protected enough, and if the reward is worth it, crime will happen. Crime does not need hardened offenders, super-predators, convicted felons or wicked people. Crime just needs an opportunity.

What is described here?

It is used to refer to the study of why things occur or even the reasons behind the way that things act.

Aetiology.

Describe a paradox:

A true statement or group of statements that leads to a contradiction or a situation which defies intuition. The term is also used for an apparent contradiction that actually expresses a non-dual truth.

Describe environmental criminology:

  • Putting the focus of criminological study on environmental or contextual factors that can influence criminal activity. These include space (geography), time, law, offender, and target or victim. These five components are a necessary and sufficient condition, for without one, the other four, even together, will not constitute a criminal incident.

What is described here?

   In the social sciences, agency refers to the capacity of individuals to act independently and to make their own free choices. By contrast, "Structure" refers to those factors (such as social class, religion, gender, ethnicity, customs, etc) which seem to limit or influence the opportunities that individuals have.

Agency.

Describe a normative science:

Is a form of inquiry, typically involving a community of inquiry and its accumulated body of provisional knowledge, that seeks to discover good ways of achieving recognized aims, ends, goals, objectives, or purposes.

Describe social stratification:

Refers to the hierarchical arrangement of individuals into divisions of power and wealth within a society.

Describe the criminal justice system:

  • The criminal justice system is a series of government agencies and institutions. Goals include the rehabilitation of offenders, preventing other crimes, and moral support for victims.

    • The primary institutions of the criminal justice system are the police, prosecution and defence lawyers, the courts and prisons.

Describe the penal system:

  • A correctional system, also known as a penal system, thus refers to a network of agencies that administer a jurisdiction's prisons, and community-based programs like parole, and probation boards.

Describe a court:

A court is a place where legal matters are decided by a judge and jury or by a magistrate.

Describe a conviction:

A formal declaration by the verdict of a jury or the decision of a judge in a court of law that someone is guilty of a criminal offence.

What is described here?

The action of restoring someone to health or normal life through training and therapy after imprisonment, addiction, or illness.

Rehabilitation.

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