Cross-cultural motivation and leadership of management

5 important questions on Cross-cultural motivation and leadership of management

Motivation is studied in two types:

  1. content theories
    motivation in terms of need satisfaction
  2. process theories
    choices that people make about their behavior

Three main process theories

  • equity theory
    (motivational consequences from the imbalance of outputs to outcomes)
  • expectancy theory
    (effort leads to performance, reaching in certain outcomes and values)
  • goal-setting theory
    (responses of individuals to existence of goals (difficult & feedback))

Western leadership theory

  1. trait theories
  2. behavioral theories
  3. contingency theories
  4. implicit theories
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Non-western leadership theory

  1. performance-maintenance theory (PM)
  2. leadership in the arab world
  3. paternalism

5 dimensions of paternalisitc leadership:

  1. creating a family atmosphere at work
  2. establishing close and individualized relationships with subordinates
  3. involvement in non-work lives of subordinates
  4. expecting loyalty from subordinates
  5. expecting deference from subordinates

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