Art and Commerce - Kellner (2012): The Frankfurt School and the Creative Industry
5 important questions on Art and Commerce - Kellner (2012): The Frankfurt School and the Creative Industry
Kellner (2012) talks about ideas of the Frankfurt School. Can you briefly describe what the Frankfurt school is.
- Institute for Social Research in Frankfurt, best known for being the birthplace of Critical Theory.
- Towards 1940s: shift from studying working class movements and fascism to communication and culture.
- Many theorists fled to the USA during WW2 and returned after the war.
- Major theorists:
- Adorno.
- Horkheimer.
- Benjamin.
- Habermas.
Kellner (2012) talks about the Frankfurt School and their ideas on the Creative Industries.
Can you describe how Theodor W. Adorno (1903-1969) thought about the creative industry?
- Particularly interested in music and society.
- Saw pop music as a mass produced, commodified version of art.
- Pessimistic view on pop art, in favour of high art:
- High culture is more removed from commerce and challenges the audience more.
- High art has a kind of "emancipatory potential" that pop art lacked.
Kellner (2012) talks about the Frankfurt School and their ideas on the Creative Industries.
Can you describe how Walter Benjamin (1892 -1940) thought about the creative industry?
- More optimistic outlook on pop culture (than Adorno).
- Even though reproduction (photography, film) demystified high art, it could also be a source of political consciousness.
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Kellner (2012) talks about the Frankfurt school and their ideas on the Creative industries.
How does the Frankfurt School's Critical Theory tie with the Culture industry?
- They saw the rise of mass communication in the US.
- Developed 'Culture Industry' as a concept.
- Saw mass cultural products as:
- Distraction and manipulation.
- Products of their time.
What is, according to Kellner (2012), the four points of critique and contemporary influence of the Frankfurt School's ideas on the cultural industries?
- Influenced major theorists.
- Connected culture and communication to economy and society.
- Artefacts within context.
- Critique: very conservative and elite approach.
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