PORT - Growing environment and grape growing - Vineyard layout and management
7 important questions on PORT - Growing environment and grape growing - Vineyard layout and management
Name three types of vineyard layouts in the Douro region
- Socalcos
- Patamares
- Vinha ao Alto
What is the Socalcos vineyard layout in the Douro region
- The traditional method
- narrow terraces, supported by walls of dry rock
- planting densities around 6.000 vines/ha
- not suitable for mechanisation
- labour required to maintain the walls
- not considered for new plantings
- protected by UNESCO
- cannot be converted to any other layout
- planted at lower density > small tractors can enter
What is the Vinha ao Alto vineyard layout in the Douro region
- Vines planted in vertical rows up the slopes
- least expensive
- relatively high-density (5.000 vines/ha)
- above 40% decline > no mechanisation possible
- water run-off and erosion can be a major problem
- currently relatively limited
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Maximum yields for port
- 55 hl/ha
- (though some years only 30 hl/ha due to hazards and diseases)
Viticultural hazards in Douro region
- Late spring frost in highest altitude vineyards
- cool wet weather from the west early summer
- disrupts flowering and fruit set
- downy mildew and botrytis bunch rot, esp in cooler and wetter Baixo Corga
- > canopy management and spraying with fungicides
What may be practiced in the vineyards in the Douro region
- Fertilisers to improve nutrient status of the soil
- Herbicides to control weeds on the slopes of Patamares which can compete with the vines for water and nutrients
- but when enough space > small mower may be used
- Cover crops grown on vinha ao alta slopes to
- prevent erosion
- improve soil structure and nutrition
- reduce presence of weeds
- Large growers tend to use sustainable or organic techniques where possible
How is the harvest practised in the Douro region and where does it start
- By hand > due to topography not possible with machines
- Problem
- ageing regional population and depopulation
- > hard to find pickers
- Symington Family Estates
- since 2015 developing a machine for harvesting
- Harvest starts in the Douro Superior and ends in the Baixo Corgo
- Microclimates and hand harvest
- > harvest can be spread over several weeks
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