Summary: Data And Misinformation
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1 Week 1
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Most visual lies are based on three strategies:
1.Hiding relevant data tohighlight whatbenefits thesender
2.Displaying too much data toobscure reality
3. Using graphic forms in inappropriate ways (i.e. Disorting data) -
What are conspiracy theories?
Conspiracy theories are attempts to explain theultimate causes of significantsocial andpolitical events andcircumstances withclaims ofsecret plots by two or more powerfulactors -
1.1 PowerPoint week 1
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To what do you need to pay attention in the hypothesizing phase?
Is is correlation or causation? Is it exploratory or confirmatory? Or a hypothesis that doesn't make sense at all? -
To what do you need to pay attention in the design phase?
Avoid HARKing,
and think about this in your question design:
1. Positive vs negative vs bipolar questions
2. Response order effect
3. Question order effect -
To what do you need to pay attention in the Data collection phase?
- avoid incomplete blinding
- double blinded study (what is that?)
- Error 1 and error 2 in data collection (explain) -
To what do you need to pay attention in the Analysis phase?
Behonest about your findings, do not reportHARKing findings.
Type 1 and Type 2 errors -
1.4 Lecture 7
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Name the five 'truth criteria' as named in Schwarz & Jalbert
1. Compatibility
2. Coherence
3. Credibility
4. Consensus
5. Evidence -
Explain truth criterium 'Compatiblity' (Analytic evaluation as well as intuitive evaluation)
Is thiscompatible with other things I know? With knowledge Iretrieved from reliable sources? And does it flowsmoothly ? -
Explain truth criterium 'Credibility' (Analytic evaluation as well as intuitive evaluation)
Does it come from a trustworthy source? Does the source feel familiar and trustworthy? -
Explain truth criterium 'Consensus' (Analytic evaluation as well as intuitive evaluation)
What do my friends and the opinion polls say? Does it feel familiar?
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