Book .4

6 important questions on Book .4

What is the limit of a function?

  • The limit of a function is an output the function can never provide because the function is undefined for the x that is supposed to provide that output.
  • instead, we say that the limit of the function is the unreachable output as x approaches the value that would've given this output.
  • in the example in the picture, x cannot be 1 since that would cause the function to become 0/0, our function is thus not defined for x = 1
  • instead we can say that as x approaches 1, e.g. .99999, the function has a value which is the limit.

How can you add vectors and multiply vectors by scalars?

  • Adding vectors is done pairwise, the vectors need to be the same length
    • (1, 2, 3) + (4, 5, 6) = (1 + 4, 2 + 5, 3 + 6) = (5, 7, 9)
  • multiplying by a scalar is just mutliplying each component by the scalar
    • 3 · (1, 4, 6) = (3, 12, 18)

How can the length of a vector be calculated?

  • The L2 norm or euclidian norm is the length of the vector
  • it is the euclidian distance from the origin

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How can you normalize a vector?

Divide it by it's length/euclidian norm/L2 norm

When are two vectors orthonormal?

When they are normalized and orthogonal

What is a symmetric matrix?

A matrix which is the same as it's transpose

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