Summary: Design And Analysis Of Biomedical Studies

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• 1 Week 1

• 1.1.2 Recap Statistics

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• What is the difference between nominal, ordinal, continue and discrete?

  Nominal = cannot be ordened
  Ordinal = can be ordened
  Continue = all numbers (with decimal)
  Discrete = only whole numbers

• What characteristics can be used for numerical data?

  Mean, SD, quantiles (25-75%)

• On which (mean, SD, quantiles, median) do outliers have a large influence?

  Mean and SD
  Quantiles and median are not sensitive

• What is the difference between SD and SE?

  SE is the variation of the mean
  SD is the variation of single measurements

• How is the confidence interval calculated?

  Mean +- 1.96*SE
  --> 95% confidence interval (alpha level of 5%)

• 1.2.1 Bioinformatic databases

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• There are some requirements for a database regarding to data protection and management, which?

  1. Audit trail - the database system logs what data was entered, modified and deleted when and by whom (what, when, who)
  2. Information security - access to the data can be arranged. Think of: who can access (which parts of) the data
  3. Dictionary - the database system includes a definition of variables, data formats (text, numeric, date etc.), coding of answer categories (1=yes, 0=no), missing value codes etc. 
  4. Structure - the data can be stored in multiple tables and the relations between tables are defined

• What is explicit data? And implicit?

  Explicit = any information a consumer actively provides on their own (name, mail adress etc)
  Implicit = information that is not provided intentionally but gathered from available data streams (e.g., information provided by browsing)

• Which data management system is used within the LUMC?

  Castor (adheres to all requirements)

• 1.3.2 Design of experiment

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• How do you design an experiment?

  1. Formulate research question
  2. What is the study design (RCT, cross over etc)
  3. What is the sample size, experimental control etc.

• What statistical test can be used to analyze data from a CRD?

  T-test (2 groups)
  one-way ANOVE (>2 groups)