Negative Peer Relations - Bullying and Victimization

8 important questions on Negative Peer Relations - Bullying and Victimization

How is data for bullying and victimization measured?

  • Questionnaires
  • Self-report
  • Peer-report
  • Parent/teacher report
  • Direct observations

What is the healthy context paradox?

Being bullied within a context where a lot of bullying takes place can serve as a buffer.
So a healthy context is unhealthy for victims.

What are bullies that are bistrategic controllers?

Bullies who can effectively use both prosocial and coercive strategies to get what they want.
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What is the participant role approach of bullying?

There are different ways in which students can contribute to bullying (besides the victim and the bully:
  • Assistants
  • Reinforcers (laughers)
  • Defenders
  • Outsiders

What is the retaliation hypothesis?

Defending a victim results in being bullied yourself.

How do teachers affect the amount of bullying in a classroom?

  • Teachers define bullying in different manners and not consistently with the scientific definition of bullying
  • Teachers may think students are overreacting
  • The level of control of bullying for different teachers
  • The external attribution of teachers, thinking it's because of parenting or outside school
  • Teachers have a history of bullying
  • The self-esteem levels of teachers

What is the work environment hypothesis?

Aspects such as work load, job insecurity, and role conflicts predict bullying victimization.

What is the individual-dispositions hypothesis?

Some people have a tendency to invite bullying (neuroticism, introversion).

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