Social Status, Selection and Influence - Peer Influence

13 important questions on Social Status, Selection and Influence - Peer Influence

What is the similarity-attraction hypothesis?

Individual prefer to interact with similar others, this is applicable to domains such as sex, age, ethnicity, behaviors and attitudes.

What is selection by default?

The process whereby someone selects certain peers because there is no other choice. For example, victims of bullying befriend each other.

What is peer influence?

Processes whereby one child affects, or is affected by, another. Influence occurs when one’s emotions, cognitions, attitudes or behaviors are affected by one’s peers. This increases similarity between these peers.
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What are the three factors that determine the occurance, the form and the significance of peer influence?

1. The interpersonal setting
2. The role occupied by the individual in the influence interchange
3. The topic over which influence is exercised

What is the difference between friendships, cliques and social groups?

Friendships: voluntary affliations.
Cliques: interconnected friend dyads.
Social groups: collections of affiliates.

What are the 3 broad categories of peer influence models?

1. Disequilibrium
2. Social interaction processes
3. Individual needs and traits

What are social interaction processes?

Transmitting peer influence invoke learning principles: behavioral change arises in response to the costs and benefits that accumulate in repeated social interactions with peers.

What are need-based theories?

These theories hold that individuals have social and emotional needs that can be met only through close peer relationships.

What are trait-based theories?

These theories hold that individual attributes can amplify or diminish needs, the expression of needs, and the ability to satisfy them.

What is the idea of adolescence-limited delinquency?

That idea holds that because teens have few opportunities to demonstrate an adult identity, they imitate peers who display behaviors reserved for adults and make public show of disregaring norms.

How is peer influence measured?

Peer influence can be measured using experimental paradigms:
  • Conformity paradigms (chatroom)
  • Real-life paradigms (barlab)
Or also by using survey items.

What is the actor-partner interdependence model?

A model of dyadic relationships that integrates a conceptual view of interdependence with the appropriate statistical techniques for measuring and testing it.

What are 4 moderating factors of friend and peer-group influence?

1. Relationship quality
2. Peer status
3. Relations with parents
4. Suspectibility to influence

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