Perception, vision, orienting and attention - Visual perception
10 important questions on Perception, vision, orienting and attention - Visual perception
How do babies perceive the world?
- James (1890): one great blooming buzzing confusion
- baby gets so many inputs that it is hard to make sense of it all
- Others claimed that babies' sensory processing is not well developed -> virtually deaf and blind
Wiesel & Hubel showed the influence of visual experience on the sense of sight
-> certain structure of the brain seems to wait for input to further develop
Visual acuity adults vs. New-borns
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What about visual behaviour?
- New-borns are already visually active and explore stimuli in their visual field
- but looking behaviour is characterised by several limitations
2 characteristics of early tracking observational behaviour
- Step-by-step
- slow
Experiment - Banks & Salapatek - Checkerboard
- If you present these 2 stimuli to see which one they might look more.
- babies prefer to look at whatever they see
- that's why toys have clear structure and patterns
Colour perception infant
- Colour perception is faulty with red before yellow, blue and green
- Differently from visual acuity it develops even more rapidly:
- about 2m, almost all colours can be discerned
- at 3-4m, comparable with adult colour perception
How does a baby explores a stimulus? Different forms of looking behaviour:
- Disengagement
- scanning
- contour salience effect
- externality effect
Disengagement of attention and gaze causes problems for the baby during the first months of life ->
the sensory and motor processes needed for rapid flexible eye movements are functional at birth
Babies show scanning slower and less complex exploration, focusing on:
- Contour salience effect
- = visually fixate the perimeter of the face than the internal portion
- Externality effect
- = babies tend to select external contour of objects for fixation and ignore the internal detail
that is not necessarily true because parents talk to the babies, so it is possible that they are biased towards certain features
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