Gowricharn, R., & Çankaya, S. (2017). Policing the nation: Acculturation and street-level bureaucrats in professional life. Sociology, 51, 1101-1117

13 important questions on Gowricharn, R., & Çankaya, S. (2017). Policing the nation: Acculturation and street-level bureaucrats in professional life. Sociology, 51, 1101-1117

The authors highlight that individuals having influence on migrants in assimilating them has rarely been addressed. What are the two types of micro-level interactions that convey culture to migrants?

1. Daily interactions, such as encounters. Sometimes these are desired
2. Professionals that enforce behaviour and underlying norms

What are the two drawbacks of acculturation (transfer of culture)?

1) the cultural flow is depicted as a neutral and largely unintended process
2) happens through individual participation in the host society

How can the two drawbacks of acculturation be overcome?

By employing the concept of cultural norm images; they can be imposed upon newcomers
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Why does the concept of norm images proved an important alternative to the emptiness of the acculturation model?

It elicits the specificity of the cultural content and draws attention to the explicit role of actors (professionals) in the conveyance of culture

How has Berry's aculturation model (assimilation, integration, separation and marginalization) been criticized?

Doesn't capture the larger context and the content and the actors involved are absent.

What did Hoetink and Gowricharn develop?

Hoetink described norm images as the characteristics that are seen as the ideal by a group. These are the somatic norm images, Gowricharn later distinguished them with the cultural norm images

What are two parts of Dutch culture that are highlighted in policy for newcomers?

The Dutch language and the sexualization of citizenship. The Dutch culture is presented as essential features that everyone should know: the culture is homogeneous and massive; "white ethnicization".

What are three important features which should be taken into account regarding the norm images of the police organization?

Enactment of norm images also applies to colleagues with an ethnic minority background
Street police enjoy a large degree of discretion
Power differential between officers and citizens is an important precondition for conveyance of cultural norms

How was the data collected in this study?

Ethnographic research study in the inclusion and exclusion of ethnic minority police officers in the NL. They observed 200 hours of shifts in interactions with each other and the public. Next to this, workshops, trainings and activities, and interviews and focus groups

What are the two elements that are linked with the norm image of the nation?

Language: every citizen should have a proper command of Dutch, especially when there is regular contact with the public

Loyalty: especially for police officers that are a minority; they should be loyal to the NL

What is the policing of ethnicity?

Daily routines of police officers in guarding the content of the cultural-normative order towards ethnic 'others'

How is speaking another language beside Dutch being conceived inside of the police?

When spoken about in training, it is an absolute no-go, but in real-life situations, the officers are expected to do so

What is expected of minority police officers in terms of loyalty?

They should not give the idea that they may be treating "their group" differently, and they should also get along with native police officers

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