Çankaya, S. (2020). Geopolicing race, gender, and class: How the police immobilise urban allochthones. Antipode, 52, 702-721

12 important questions on Çankaya, S. (2020). Geopolicing race, gender, and class: How the police immobilise urban allochthones. Antipode, 52, 702-721

What examples does Çenkaya give as the social order being increasingly governed through spatial practices of separation, displacement and exclusion?

Gebiedsverboden (prohibited areas) and gated communities in the NL

On which basis does Çenkaya link geography and urban science to race, class and gender?

Urban spaces represent intersecting forms of social and thus power relations in society, because "space and time are constituted by, as well as constitutive of, social relations and practices"

What is the definition of the introduced concept of the urban allochtone?

The urban poor: men from ethnicised and racialised minority groups, not-quite-white Central and Eastern Europeans as well as some parts of the “white” working class, homeless people, and beggars.
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Where are the empirical findings based on?

Ethnographic research of Çankaya 2012 in the Amsterdam police force between 2007 and 2011: main research methods were participant observations and ethnographic interviews

What are the definitions of governmentality and biopolitics?

Governmentality means the strategies and tactics employed by authorities for making up and acting upon a population to ensure good and avert ill; how to regulate society?
In our era, the state intervenes on the level of the general population: biopolitics by Foucault

What is according to Çenkaya the link between neoliberalism and the spatial governmentality?

For example in shopping malls, everyone is removed who is not seen as someone that will buy something so that the consumers can make their choice

What is the switch in emphasis in the society and therefore police that has been going on since the 1970s?

Traditional reactive police work focusing on catching criminals shifts towards the risk mentality and risk society, where the prevention of crime is emphasized (with the NPM in mind where the government should work effectively and efficiently)

What is the consequence of the spatial representation of "problem areas"?

They are being intensified in terms of surveillance with the aim on groups portrayed as risky

What are the reasons for Amsterdam being relevant for this research?

1) Superdiverse city with more people with a migration background than without
2) Internationally, Amsterdam is a relatively undivided city without banlieues or ghettos
3) The normative ideal of a unified city is a policy priority in Amsterdam

What is the meaning of the typology of "target groups/doelgroepen" that the police uses?

Marginalized youths with Moroccan, Surinamese, Antillean ancestry, people from Central/Eastern Europe and parts of the white working class

What does Çenkaya find peculiar about the stopping of young people with expensive clothes or cars?

It can be seen as successful integration, towards globalization and capitalism. But this comes at the cost of becoming a target for police

What has often been said to be the reason for police officers to stop someone?

Whether they fit their image of the street and neighborhood: the spatial perspective gives rise to taxonomy about good/bad, risky/non-risky

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