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Systems of Professions

Q: What is the title or definition of 'Profession' in a sense controlling?

Who is allowed to do the work (via licensing ) How they are prepared to do the work (University training and controlling entry) Who gets to evaluate their performance (via boards of profession, etc)

Q: What are the three concepts of the theory of occupations that are most heavily influenced by technological change, and why?

Socialisation; entry into an occupation Task jurisdiction and boundaries; content of activities performed, and claims on activities vs other groups Ecosystem relations; broader field in which occupation is embedded These concepts can roughly predict where occupations will be headed when confronted with technological change

Q: What does the 'Ecosystem Relations' concept entail?

Focusses on the embeddedness of occupations into a larger institutional field : Co-production of work with participation of external stakeholder (e.g.clients) Brokering roles occupations perform to bridge between several groups (eg patient advocates as mediators of interest between physicians and patients) Field is; Universities, Insurance Companies, etc.

10 important questions on Systems of Professions

Describe the difference between Job and Occupation via a real world example.

When you obtain an occupation or train to be a pilot, you participate in a category of work, you identify as a pilot, you sustain membership in your pilot friend circles. But when you quit or get fired, you do not hold that job, but you still identify as being a pilot, even without the title or function

What are some of the 'traits' that differentiate Professions from Jobs according to the literature?

Specialised Knowledge
University-Based Training
Value of the service to society
Code of ethics (not abuse power)
Autonomy and self governance
Authority over clients

Why is the professionalisation step of having a National Level Journal important?

The profession will start to legitimise itself by creating academic knowledge base, through evidence based testing etc.
Surgery was not seen as a high status profession, but only after the development of a wide knowledge base on the human anatomy.

What is the title or definition of 'Profession' in a sense
controlling?

Who is allowed to do the work (via licensing)
How they are prepared to do the work (University training and controlling entry)
Who gets to evaluate their performance (via boards of profession, etc)

What are the three concepts of the theory of occupations that are most heavily influenced by technological change, and why?

Socialisation; entry into an occupation
Task jurisdiction and boundaries; content of activities performed, and claims on activities vs other groups
Ecosystem relations; broader field in which occupation is embedded

These concepts can roughly predict where occupations will be headed when confronted with technological change

What does the Socialisation concept entail?

How an occupational member learns to be part of the collective;

For strong professions; high barriers to entry (licensing, certification, theoretical training eg. Medicine vs Fitness Trainer)
Degree of control of entry (many professions decide who is allowed to become part of a profession by establishing their own standards)
For general occupations: Entry is associated with socialising into a particular set of cultural values (norms and worldviews)

This is important because, for example, you need good norms and values to write code for a robot that will have influence based on your worldview, same with managers etc.

What does the 'Ecosystem Relations' concept entail?

Focusses on the embeddedness of occupations into a larger institutional field:

Co-production of work with participation of external stakeholder (e.g.clients)
Brokering roles occupations perform to bridge between several groups (eg patient advocates as mediators of interest between physicians and patients)

Field is; Universities, Insurance Companies, etc.

What is the difference between Automation and Innovation?

Automation: computerising a part of activities, i.e streamlining manual, administrative, routine work.

Innovation: chaning the ways of making professional expertise available to the clients

What are the different responses of professions on technological change within their own work?

Redefining the occupation

changing the task content and identity

Delegating Tasks

to for example lower status groups so they can perform the existing or novel tasks

Reconfiguring the ecosystem position

changing the relations with clients

Explain how the occupation of Librarian changed, with the different responses of professions towards technological change

Redefining the occupation and identity:
From masters of search, to masters of interpretation, to teachers, to connectors of people and information.
As a response on the emergence of Archive technologies, Yahoo, and then Google

First they said that Search Machines were not as good as they were, but the technology developed, so they had to redefine their identity.

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Systems of Professions

10 important questions on Systems of Professions

Describe the difference between Job and Occupation via a real world example.

What are some of the 'traits' that differentiate Professions from Jobs according to the literature?

Why is the professionalisation step of having a National Level Journal important?

What is the title or definition of 'Profession' in a sensecontrolling?

What are the three concepts of the theory of occupations that are most heavily influenced by technological change, and why?

What does the Socialisation concept entail?

What does the 'Ecosystem Relations' concept entail?

What is the difference between Automation and Innovation?

What are the different responses of professions on technological change within their own work?

Explain how the occupation of Librarian changed, with the different responses of professions towards technological change

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What is the title or definition of 'Profession' in a sense
controlling?