International Organization
3 important questions on International Organization
What is Hooghe et al.'s argument on what creates European integration?
If a functionalism (rationalist) compared to the sociality dimension (constructivist) had to explain why formal European integration grows they would say:
- Functionalist: spill-over. So because there already are so many institutions it is likely to that more will come up, because once we cooperate we need more and more regulation of areas.
- Sociality: community. The fact that we all feel like we belong to a European community and share norms, formal European integration can grow. That is formal integration can grow, because social integration has grown first. (Hooghe et al)
What does Tallberg and Sommerer argue about International Organizations and NGOs?
Usually people say that there has been a growing norm of allowing NGOs access.
They instead say that it comes down to:
They instead say that it comes down to:
- Policy makers need information and will give TSAs/NGOs access as an exchange for that information (H4)
- The increase of influence of democratic states has increased, and since they are more used to working together with civil society, because of the quality of having autonomous civil society, and so it will be less scary/more natural to also do it at the IO level.
- A continuous constraint is the fear of losing sovereignty.
How does Tallberg and Sommerer measure the degree of of access an NGO has to an international organization?
Operationalization of access:
- Range of access (how many groups have access)
- Depth of access (how far-reaching)
- Permanence: ad hoc or permanent?
- Codification: is it included in a treaty or is it the practice by the secretariat?
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