Fathers MINI LECTURE

9 important questions on Fathers MINI LECTURE

Why is there much less known on paternal influences on child development?

- In animal research: only 5%-10% of mammals display paternal care
- In human research: cultural influences and economic conditions are leading to changes in the view on fathering and father’s actual involvement in infant care

Higher paternal engagement and involvement is related to child

- Social competence
- IQ
- Learning outcomes
- Psychological problems
- Social behavior

What is the difference between mothers vs fathers

Mothers; nurturing, holding for caregiving, in times of stress
Fathers; play buddies, holding for play, no stress; rough- and tumble play à social competence.

One important function of fathers à stretching window of tolerance. Supporting emotion, regulation strategies.
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Why is the correlation between sensitivity and attachment smaller in father-infant interactions than in mother-infant interactions?

- ther behaviors are also important; stimulation. More stimulation à secure attachment
- Quantity of fathering also important when evaluating quality of fathering.
Adverse effect of low sensitivity was larger when father involvement was high.
- More the secure base than safe haven

Conclusion: the role of the father is similar, but also different from the mother.

What came out of the research done on drug-seeking motivation level in male rats determining offspring susceptibility or resistance to cocaine-seeking behavior

Results:
· High incentive responding of the F0 generation à transmitted to F1 and F2 generations
· DNA methylation differences between sperm of addiction-like and non-addiction like groups that were maintained from F0 to F1, providing evidence for an epigenetic link.

What happens to child in absence of father

· Negative child outcomes; early drop out of school, lower education, poor physical and mental health and behavior problems > quality of relationship is important and can lower negative outcomes.

What is seen in same-sex families

Gay fathers;
- higher levels of warmth
-greater amount of interaction
- lower levels of agression
- higher levels of responsiveness

child outcomes
- externalizing problems higher amoung children in heterosexual families
- lower levels of internalizing problems amoung children of gay father

Why are gay fathers less traditional

Because there are mean leading the family instead of women

Stepfathers, what involvement do they have on the children

· Invest less in children who live with them
· Emotional and behavioral problems (children)
· Close relationship with stepfather à better outcomes.

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