Lessons learned from 25 years of research into long term consequences in Dutch famine 1944/1945
13 important questions on Lessons learned from 25 years of research into long term consequences in Dutch famine 1944/1945
How was exposure to famine during gestation defined
What is the differences between babies exposed to famine in early, mid and late gestation
mid and late; lighter and shorter at birth, placenta less efficient
What are the obese differences
exposure to famine during any period of gestation was associated with reduced glucose tolerance and increase risk of type 2 diabetes in both women and men.
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How are differences in glucose levels in those prenatally exposed to feminine caused
What differences were found in atherogenic lipid profile
What were the differences found in blood pressure
- Early exposure to famine had increased stress induces elevation in blood pressure (not due to differences in autonomic function)
o Could reflect their response to everyday stressors and in this way lead to increased wear and tear of cardiovascular system
- Reduced IMT in those exposed to famine during gestation
Differences in cortisol responses to psychological stress test or cortisol profiles after dexamethasone suppression and ACTH1-24 stimulation
- also combination of three or more syndrome components, not more often present after prenatal famine exposure
What are the reproductive and transgenerational outcomes
- poor nutrition during fetal development, followed by improved nutrition after birth can give rise to a female phenotype characterized by greater reproductive success
- Women exposed to amine in early gestation had increased prevalence of breast cancer -> increased mortality
- Children of mothers exposed to famine were heavier at birth while children of exposed fathers were heavier in adult life -> transgenerational effects of famine exposure through maternal and paternal line
What are other physical outcomes
- those exposed to famine in early life more often affected by IBS, probably because of importance of this period for development of immune system
What are the differences we see in mental health and quality of life
- exposed men lower scores in B15 in conscientiousness compared to controls
- women exposed to famine higher scores on agreeableness
- no difference between exposed and unexposed in perceived stress in daily life
- men and women with famine in early gestation poorer general health than unexposed participants
Difference in genetics and epigenetics
Which lessons were learned from dutch famine birth cohort study
--> adaptations that enable the fetus to grow can nevertheless have adverse long term consequences
2. Effects of famine exposure depend on its timing
--> organs and tissues growing most rapidly are most susceptible to variation in diet
Other dutch famine studies
- Prenatal exposure to Dutch famine associated with increased risk for poorer mental health outcomes and increased risk for psychiatric disorders and addiction
- Lower level of participation in labor market and higher number of hospitalizations among those exposed to famine during gestation
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