Biological embedding
22 important questions on Biological embedding
What is biological embedding
Why is this interesting? It is important to increase our understanding of biological mechanism involved because this will
- Facilitate the study of possible adverse outcomes and
- Contribute to developing strategies to prevent these outcomes (chances)
What do you remember about prenatal stress and its associations with infant outcomes?
- More ADHD symptoms
- More behavior problems, internalizing, externalizing and psychiatric problems
Exposure to natural disasters
- Less motor development
- Less cognitive development
- More negative affectivity
What is in the mother's milk
- minerals
- nutrients
- fats
- hormones
- immune factors
- HMO's
- cells of the mother, including stem cells
- vitamines
- Higher grades + faster learning
- Never study anything twice
- 100% sure, 100% understanding
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Prenatal stress and child HPA axis; study examples
- Altered infant stress reactivity to repeated stressors (habituated situations > children with high stress mothers have difficulty with this)
- Higher stress mother > higher cortisol levels children till 6 years
Epigenetic changes can be found in different body parts, including the brain. In one study we looked at the brain
- Suicide; history of abuse or something in later adulthood
RESULT: much more glucocorticoids in persons who commit suicide or had history of being abused.
False or true
self-regulation baby in bath by sucking on their hand
What are developmental tasks and typical regulations problems for age 0-3 months
- eating; coordinated sucking
- activity; sleeping vs being awake, being attentive and calm when awake
- energy; temperature
typical regulation problems
excessive crying, sleeping problems, feeding problems
What are the developmental tasks during 3-7 months old
- eating; solid food, adaption to a new way of feeding, new tastes and textures
- activity; sleep through the night
- attention; looking and looking away during exploration and interactions
regulation problems;
sleeping problems, restlessness, overly sensitive, feeding problems
What are the developmental tasks and regulation problems during 7-9 months and up
attachment; balance between closeness with parent and exploring the environment, dealing with strangers
regulation problems;
extreme stranger anxiety, seperation anxiety, little exploration behavior
What are the intuitive caregiving competences
- Reading the infant’s signals and interacting in a sensitive manner.
- Infant directed speech; we adapt to infant with our speech, more variety in speech. Baby’s pay more attention to infant directed speech, repetition
What are parental risk factors
- Perinatal; complications during birth, traumatic birth experience
- Postnatal; relationship problems, social isolation, chronic illness
Feeding problems, what happens with caregiver and what happens with the child
è Caregiver might become more controlling
è Little attention for and acknowledge of subtle signals by the infant
è Tensed atmosphere
è Negative feedback
è Change to non-age
The child
è Constant rejection of food
è Baby responds in a negative way turns ways head
è Some infants or toddlers look for distraction and allow feeding only by the way
è Duration of the meal when/time differ
Infant factors in the emergence of feeding problems
- Regulation problems
- Neuro-motor en oral sensory problems
- Traumatic experience
- Acceptance of new food only after repeated exposure
Caregiver factors in the emergence of feeding problems
Fear of losing baby
- Psycho-social problems during pregnancy and postpartal period
- Little experience in dealing with young children
- Own eating problems (anorexia, boulimia, dieting)
What is video interaction guidance (feeding problems)
- practitioner watches video footage of an everyday interaction together with parents
- emphasis on positive moments
- identification of positive and negative parent behavior
Case of chayenne in video interaction guidance
Could gut microbes be affecting psychological stress levels
- While germfree mice were more affected by certain kinds of acute stress (like restraint), they were less anxious about other kinds of stress, like being placed in a new environment
- Mice without a microbiome aren’t always more sensitive to stress
- Exposing germfree mice to microbiomes of other mice could influence their behavior
- Behavioral changes correspond to an increase in BDNF protein
CONCLUSION: so the microbiome does affect the brain!
Give a summary of video - mothers milk
Mother’s do breastfeed, but do not reach their breastfeed goals. This is a problem; increasingly common medical conditions like obesity, endocrine disorders and preterm birth all can disrupt the underlying biology of lactation.
Cannot be provided in US because of no paid parental verlof.
Give a summary of the incredible years video
- goal; give caregivers tools to deal with difficult child behavior
- trainings in groups, weekly meetings; information discussion of problems situations, exercises role play and video fragments
- topics; playing with your child, praise and reward, putting boundaries, dealing with unwanted behaviors
- enhancing sensitive interactions - building positive relationships
praising positive behavior, ignoring negative behavior
Goal of incredible years intervention
stay consistent and predictable in repsonse
Intervention: practicing techniques with other parents of child with ASD
- Child-directed play as a teaching situation, social interaction
Different aspects of the ASD parent intervention
- Social coaching
- Emotional coaching (e.g. by reading books; looking at the facial expressions)
- Persistence coaching (persisting in kind of difficult activities) - Emotional self-regulation (by giving encouragement, talking about how to regulate it)
- Using pretend play (by playing with and talking to stuffed animals)
- Sensory routines (e.g. running, jumping when mad)
- Managing misbehavior (ignoring in the right situation; differential attention)
The question on the page originate from the summary of the following study material:
- A unique study and practice tool
- Never study anything twice again
- Get the grades you hope for
- 100% sure, 100% understanding
Topics that are related to Biological embedding
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Biological embedding - mechanisms underlying the effects of prenatal psychosocial stress
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Biological embedding - Early life adversity accelerates child and adolescent development
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Biological embedding - resilence, strengths and regulatory capacities
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Biological embedding - The incredible Years series; developmental approach
