Biological embedding - Early life adversity accelerates child and adolescent development

5 important questions on Biological embedding - Early life adversity accelerates child and adolescent development

What is the impact of growing up in high risk environment

- Engage in adultlike behaviors earlier than more advantages age-mates

- Under some conditions, certain responses to adversities are functional in terms of promoting reproductive fitness, even it not health and wellbeing (but there are costs associated with these reproductive benefits)

- Accelerated development conceptualized as fitting developing individual to his/her current and likely future environment

How does puberty and adversity-induced accelarations correlate

- If developmental conditions are extreme, threatening survival itself (e.g. starvation), development may not be accelerated as energy/resources go into maintenance rather than growth and reproduction

- Early life deprivation but not threat exposure forecasts delayed pubertal development

- Father absence forecasts earlier pubertal development

What can we say about pubertal timing

- Exposure to trauma in first decade of life, sexual abuse (but not other stressors) predict earlier age of menarche, as residential moves associated with reduced feelings of family support

- Earlier pubertal development if exposure to earthquake within first 7 years of a girl’s life

- Male pubertal development accelerated after earthquake exposure

- Lower socioeconomic status linked with earlier pubertal development in males and females

- Early institutionalized children didn’t show accelerated pubertal development
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Exposure to violence is associated with  .....

Accelerated epigenetic age amoung 6-13 year old African Americans and 8-16 ethnically diverse children

What are the factors that can accelerate certain aspects of development?

- maltreatment
- exposure to poverty
- growing up in a conflicted family or violent neighborhood
- institutionalized caregiving

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