Role of infant
17 important questions on Role of infant
What is temperament according to Rothart
Constitutionally = biological bases
è stems from research that temperamental differences
· appear early in life
· have substantial heritability and
· can be observed in animals.
Why do temperament differences exist?
Trade-offs
è Study of exploratory males had higher fitness in a year with high resource availability but the reverse pattern occurred in resource-poor years. Higher fitness; adult survival and offspring survival to breeding.
è Fitness of personality trait depends on; sex and ecological quality of the environment.
How can temperament be measured?
for example;
how rapidly is an infant recovered?
what does an infant do to regulate reactivity?
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Factoranalyses; structure of temperament in any age group covered by three factors;
2) Positive affectivity/ surgency
3) Effortful control
Multidimensional observation protocols
- Different ways to respond to toy interaction
True or false
temperament are the building blocks of personality
temperamental tendencies form building blocks that underlie development of individual differences in personality
True or false
negative emotionality was most closely related to behavior problems when regulatory capacity was high
negative emotionality was most closely related to behavior problems when regulatory capacity was LOW
trait by trait interactions
In a study done with siblings, what did they found with the sibling with lower self control?
CONCLUSION; interventions addressing self-control probably reduce societal costs and promote prosperity
Temperament; stable or changeable?
Temperament also affects parenting. What came out of the research with mothers
The knowlegde that mothers also have an impact on children temperament is used to have temperament driven interventions
- Temperament
- Temperament of individual child
- Strategies to foster positive behaviors and decrease negative behaviors, that fit the temperament
While only few interventions exist, results seem promising
How does low parenting quality (low sensivity and low cooperation) effect the child
- development of child
If infants and children with more difficult (negative affectivity/ less self-regulation) only are more at risk, what is then the use of this temperamental trait from an evolutionary perspective?
Dandelions = resilient children. They will always do well
Orchids = susceptible children > bepaalde omgeving nodig anders groeien ze niet
Differential susceptibility markers
- Candidate genes and dopamine receptor D4
- Physiological stress reactivity
- Temperament
For who is temperament driven intervention most helpful
- who have lower education
- who have boys
What have temperament driven intervention been shown to positively impact
- Parent and teacher interaction with children
- Child behaviors
- Child achievement
- Classroom functioning
Temperament video (infant) important findings
sees scary mask/ clown mask
high temperament; wordt teveel, teveel stimulatie wordt verdrietig
low temperament; find clown mask amusing, scary mask ook prima
EEG cap
low temperament; more activity in right frontal lobe > subdud personality.
high temperament; more activity in left frontal lobe
is emotional temperament constant overtime?
amount of risk a child takes, depends on their temperament (robot, playing with stranger, jumping).
Childeren have the same temperament extreme at 4 months, 9 and 24 months
Coping video (infant) important findings
Arm restraint study
how do babys react to this with different temperaments?
- controleren van emoties door te zuigen op arm van onderzoeker (wordt hier rustiger van)
- controleren van emoties door zichzelf te vermaken
externalizing or internalizing can be coping strategies
24 months children have some coping strategies to overcome fear themselves without help of adult (spider in researchroom!!)
emotion regulation (frustration)
different approaches used by the children to get attention and try to be less frustrated
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