Vitamines and oral health
9 important questions on Vitamines and oral health
Name 5 things that make fat-soluble and water-soluble vitamins differ from each other.
- Vitamin stability --> during cooking
- Function --> in the body
- Absorption + distribution --> in the body
- Body's ability to store the vitamins --> in tissues --> for future use
- Name the water-soluble vitamins, and do they contain nitrogen?
- How are they absorbed?
- Is the excretion easy or hard?
- B --> contains nitrogen
Absorbed directly
--> into bloodstream
--> from small intestine
- Easily excreted
- Which vitamins are fat-soluble?
- How is it absorbed?
- How do they occur?
- What is their main characteristic?
- Do they contain nitrogen? Explain.
- Why is the daily intake of them important?
- Absorbed via --> GI tract
Occur together in
- fats
- lipids
- oil
- Stable --> in heat
- Has organic substance (=carbon) + NO nitrogen
- Daily intake is important because of --> toxicity
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Name the 4 factors of the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins
--> small intestine
--> with fatty acids
2. Travel trough
--> lymphatic system
--> to bloodstream and body cells
3. Require lipoprotein molecules
--> to circulate through blood
4. May be stored
- What does RDA stand for and what does it mean?
- What does it consider in the recommendations and how is it used?
- Where do the concerns lie with this?
= amount of a vitamin
- thought to be needed for --> good health
It considers:
- age
- sex
Each vitamin has its own RDA
--> based on body needs
Concerns in person with --> malabsorption syndrome
--> may result in deficiency of vitamin if
--> it cannot be absorbed as required
- What are the 2 primary roles of vitamins in the body?
- What is the primary role of antioxidants and how does this process go? Explain regarding free radicals.
- conversion of glucose --> to ATP
2. Protein synthesis of:
- body tissues
- enzymes
- hormones
- components of cells
Antioxidants
1. Free radicals occur when
- cellular components interact with:
--> oxygen atoms
2. Free radicals are highly reactive + will begin a chain reaction:
- releasing other oxygen atoms --> from their bonds
- which results in --> additional damage to cells
2. Free radical damage
--> cellular structures
--> are at molecular level
Role of vitamin antioxidants =
- intercepts --> the single oxygen atom before
- before the chain reaction
- releasing more oxygen atoms can occur
Toxicity and imbalance is generally controlled with absorption and excretion:
- How does this go with excessive amounts of water- and fat-soluble vitamins?
- Fat-soluble: may be stored to toxic levels in --> body tissues --> however some excreted in the feces
- In which 3 ways can toxicity of vitamins occur?
- What are the most toxic vitamines?
- How do imbalances occur and what are the consequences of this? Also explain how it works in the body thoroughly.
1. vitamins are added to foods --> during processing
2. eating too much --> of a certain food (bingeing)
3. megadoses --> of supplements
The most toxic vitamines are:
- Vit D = most toxic of all
- Vit B6 + B3 (niacin)
Imbalances occur when:
--> too much of one vitamin is added to an adequate diet:
Consequence
- can cause --> deficiency of other vitamins
- can cause --> coenzyme functions
The process
- B-vitamins act together in --> energy production
- Excess of one of them
--> prevent --> others from working in cooperation
--> Then cellular energy production fails
- How do free radicals form in the body?
- What does oxidative stress result in?
- food is converted --> to energy
- body is exercising
- exposure to --> pollutants occurs
Oxidative stress can result in
- cancer
- heart + blood vessel disease
- eye disease --> cataracts, macular degeneration
- parkinson's, alzheimers disease
- aging
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